120 AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGY. 
containing the appliances. ‘The case can be carried in the pocket. 
It contains directions—what to do, when to do it, how to do it, 
what not to do; also ligatures, scissors, strychnia in accurate 
doses, and a syringe. The strychnia is in the form of small tablets, 
each contains 1-50 of a grain, the smallest dose required. The 
direction runs thus; ‘‘ Put the required number of tablets into the 
small saucer, fill the syringe with clean water, push out part of the 
water upon the tablet, stir it up with the end of the syringe, and 
when dissolved draw it up into the syringe ; next remove the wire 
from one of the needles and fix the needle firmly on the syringe. 
Hold the syringe lightly in the hand with the needle between the 
thumb and finger; thrust the needle half-an-inch deep into any 
fleshy part above the part tied. Move the point about a little, then 
squirt in the liquid and withdraw the needle slowly. If the signs — 
of snake poison do not pass off in 15 or 20 minutes, give a second 
dose, and repeat as needed.” 
Professor Halford’s treatment of a man bitten by a venomous 
snake. / 
CHLORIDE OF LIME. 

I. Place, if possible, an elastic ligature moderately tight a 
between the bite and the root of the limb, so as to prevent absorp-— 
tion of the poison. te 
2. Inject at once into the wound, and all round about, 20 to 30° 
c.c. (1 0z. or more) of arecently-made solution of bleaching powder— 
a compound of hypochlorite and chloride of lime will suffice. — 
(Note. —1 in 12 of water. When required, dilute 5 c.c. of this with 
45 c.c. of water). 
3. Remove the ligature as soon as the injections have been 

made. Wash the wound with an abundance of the concentrated ~ 
solution of the bleaching powder. 
It will be advantageous to sustain the heart’s action by inject- 
ine a feeble dose of morphia (about one-seventh grain) or caffein 
subeutaneonsly. , 
After many years of patient investigation, the professor, in his 
invaluable work, communes thus:—‘‘Is there any antidote tothe  _ 
venom? The answer is, I think, no. On examining the fang it 
will be seen that our modern hypodermic syringe is a rough copy of 
the original in snakes. No venom must be lost; the apex of the 
fangs must first penetrate, and subsequently the poison be thrown — c a : 
in. The whole mechanism is designed to kill. But surely someone 
_ will say there ay be some remedy. Certainly ; that I sincerely 
pope may be; but as yet we have none.’ Dr. Halford does not 
re remedy, or even hint that there is such an 
antidote: seghowing the efficacy of bleaching powder.are — 



