

PeOns our del TODARA, Li MATHURA AND L. BIVITTATA. 73 
ber generation of the pest was not the first one of the year, and 
investigation will not improbably show that there is at least 
one, if not more, earlier generation. The forests should be 
carefully watched at the time the spring crop of leaves is 
appearing on the sal and other trees attacked. 
Relations to the Forest. 
Whilst the insects are to be found on other species of trees 
common to sal areas, the heavy defoliation accomplished by 
them appears to be chiefly confined to sd4l trees. Both sAl 
standards and sal coppice were completely defoliated in the 
attack of 1899, whereas coppice of other species escaped to a 
great extent. The damage is of the most serious nature, since 
as soon as the trees lose their crop of leaves and become leaf- 
less, all growth is stopped and the annual increment put on by 
the tree greatly lessened. The defoliated s4l trees commenced 
putting on new leaves about 13 months after they were com- 
pletely stripped. 
Sir Henry states that the caterpillars did no damage in 
evergreen forest and little in mixed forest. 
The following trees, amongst others, were also attacked :— 
Lagerstrimia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, T. 
bellerica, T. Chebula, Careya arborea (slightly), 
and Macaranga denticulata (slightly). Neither 
Dillenia nor Chilauni were apparently attacked. 
Protection and Remedies. 
It is stated that evergreen forest was not attacked, and mixed 
forest only slightly, coppice of species other than ‘sal also 
only slightly. On areas therefore where this insect is found 
to make its appearance annually once or twice in the year, I 
recommend that where possible mixed forest should replace 
pure sdl. In the case of coppice, where complete defoliation is 
most serious since it greatly retards the growth of the young 
trees, which will not have reached the size expected cr required 
of them at the end of the rotation if subject to annual or tri- 
ennial attacks of these pests, a mixture with other suitable trees 
is also to be strongly recommended. 
