50 BUPRESTID AND LONGICORN BORERS. 

the bark and in the sap wood, | found a number of two classes 
of wood-borers tunnelling in the outer layers of the sap wood. 
(1) Buprestid lacve.—The most numerous. White larve 
from 1 to 14 inches long with a large head and 
thoracic segments, the segments following being 
very much smaller in girth. These larve were 
boring shallow galleries in the sap wood in which 
they were usually to be found with the lower part 
of the body doubled back on to the anterior seg- 
ments. These larvae were in all probability about 
8 months old, the egg having been laid during the 
previous year by the parent beetle. Nothing 
further is known about the life history of the 
insect. 
(2) Longicorn jarve..—White larve, about 1 inch or a 
little less in length, with large head and prothoracic 
segments and stout, thick mandibles. The seg- 
ments of the body are not very much less in dia- 
meter than those of the head and thorax. Head 
black, rest white in colour, No legs present. 
These were tunneling deeper into the wood, the 
tunnels being but little wider than the greatest diae 
meter of the grub and in no way resembling those 
of the Buprestid larve. 
I have no further observations about this insect at present. 
The attacks of these buprestid and longicorn grubs follow 
a general rule that these insects invariably make their appear- 
ance in a tree that has been infested by bark-borers. They come 
at a later stage, when the bark-borers have undermined the strong 
vitality of the tree, and their grubs remain boring in the wood 
long after the tree has been deserted by its first invaders. The 
fresh bark is necessary to many of the young longicorn and 
buprestid grubs whilst their mandibles are still small and tender, 
As they become more developed, they are capable of tackling 
the wood of the tree, and fresh bark is no longer a necessity or 
even a requirement to them, as is the case throughout the whole 
of the life history of the bark-borer, 
