36 -APODERUS SP. 


stream, was either entirely defoliated of all its new growth Or 
rapidly becoming so, and there seems no reason for supposing 
that the attack did not spread some distance further, both up 
and down stream. The fact that the insect either rolls up the 
whole of the leaf or cuts it across very close to its base renders 
the’destruction of all leaves attacked complete. 
In addition to attacking the whole of the crop of new leaves 
I noted that the beetle also laid its eggs on and rolled up the 
older leaves as well though in nothing like the same proportion, 
{t was probably the abundance of the beetles and the shortness 
of the supply of the new leaves that sent the insects to the old 
ones, as these must have been infinitely more difficult to bend 
over and roll up than the soft tender young ones. 
Protection and Remedies. 
In the present state of our knowledge of economic entomo- 
logy in this country it is not possible to consider remedies 
for application over large areas. The beetle probably has 
both fungus and insect enemies, and the larva likewise, the 
encouraging or introduction of which would keep it down. In 
nurseries and small valuable plantations the question is not so 
difficult. In such places I should advise the sweeping up into 
heaps of the small fallen leaf rolls, each of which, it must be 
remembered, contains an egg and therefore a future beetle, and 
burning them zz situ. This work will be very simple if carried 
out when the beetle is just finishing its egg-laying as the ground 
then will be littered with the small rolls and by jarring the 
young plants numbers will at once drop. In the case of small 
areas the ground could be gone over two or three times to 
make sure of removing and killing off as many eggs as 
possible. Over larger ones one round would have to be sufficient, 
“and it would be important to choose the right time, so that the 
maximum number of eggs possible may be destroyed. When 
the defoliation is about three-fourths complete would be the 
best time to go round large areas, If the work is delayed 
longer, the -larve from the first laid eggs will have left what 
remains of the small rolls and have gone into the ground, 
and it will then be too late to take steps against them unless 
