APRIONA GERMARI. 29 

made to. enable. the grub to rest for a period during the coldest 
part of the winter, but this opinion, requires corroboration. By. 
far the longest part of the tunnel, including all the. portion with 
a large diameter, is:to, be found,in the heartwood, the larva 
seeking this and leaving the sapwood as soon as its mandibles 
are strong enough.to enable; it to bore: into the former. 
Locality from which reported. 
Although the larve and its work had been known for some 
years at the Shahdera reserve, a Sailaba plantation on the 
banks of the Ravi about 5 miles from Lahore, Punjab, it was 
not until.1897, that beetles were obtained by Mr. B. O. Coventry 
from which the insect was identified as Afriona Germart, 
Relations.to. the. Forest, 
Mulberry. stems are very, badly infested:by this beetle which 
confines itself to this tree and does. not attack, its companion 
the Sissu. The eggs are most-usually laid- on the main stems 
of young living, coppice, shoots, about.three to four years: old, 
and 23 to 3” in diameter, and the insect grows in, size with the 
development, of the tree. Attacked trees can be recognized 
owing to arusty red stain running below: each air-hole made 
by the larva, the stain being caused by the trickling down, of 
sap from these holes; also very often by the presence of saw- 
dust at the foot and on the bark of the tree. The attacks of the 
larva do not kill the tree, but the galleries bored up and down 
the stem ruin the wood for timber purposes, and at Shahdera 
the mulberry is only, sold as firewood. A large proportion of 
the young trees are infested, and the old ones mostly bear the 
marks of previous attacks in the unsightly wounds, often of 
large size, which are to be seen on their stems. These wounds 
have originated from the air-holes of the larva and the large 
exit hole made by the beetle. Decay sets in at these points, 
and is probably accelerated by rain water. These. large 
wounds are not to be found on trees containing living larvae. 
Protection and Remedtes. 
Mr. Coventry has suggested that the. only. practical. remedy 
is.to cut out all attacked stems:and. collect and. destroy 
the larve. The damage chiefly originates in the young com- 
