CERATOPACAYS VARIABILIS. 129 

growth is thus retarded a year. The damage done in two-year 
old coppice is said to be inconsiderable, 
Protection and Remedtes. 
According to present observations the insect apparently 
passes the winter in the larval stage hidden away in the stumps 
or roots of the stools. An experiment might be made of wash- 
ing some of them over with a kerosene emulsion solution two 
or three times during December and January, taking care that 
the solution reaches the insects. This, if done carefully, should 
be sufficient to kill off the larvae. The solution is made as 
follows :— 
Violently churn together two parts of kerosene oil, the purer 
the better, with one part of milk, or better, soap solution. The 
soap solution is made by boiling about a pound of common 
yellow soap with a gallon of water and then mixing with the 
kerosene until a thick cream is produced. Add about 12 parts 
of water and spray on to the stools. An ordinary watering can 
might be used in the trial attempts. The stools should not 
be soaked: only the amount of the solution necessary to reach 
the insects should be sprayed on, 
Points in the life history requiring further observation :=— 
1. Number of generations passed through during the 
year and length of time spent in passing through 
each generation. 
2. The insects are said to hibernate at the roots in the 
winter. Are they to be found on the roots at any 
other period of the year? 
3, Do the insects confine themselves to the one year 
old coppice throughout the year? 
4. What other trees, shoots, etc., are attacked by the 
pest ? 
