206 "| FURTHER NOTE ON SCOLYTUS MAZOR, MS. 
generation will lay in the felled trees, but should the cutting opera- 
tions have ceased, the Scolyt us will search out and attack sickly 
trees, There are always such in a forest—trees whose vitality 
hasbeen lessened for the moment either by fires, drought, or 
attacks of defoliating insects and aphids, With time such trees 
would, in many cases, recover but the bark beetles, taking advan- 
tage of their reduced vitality, attack and kill them. 
In the case of some young trees examined with Mr. Oliver 
he drew my attention toa white fungus near the base of the 
tree. Dr. Butler, who has examined it, says it is a species of 
Trametes, and would undoubtedly cause the death of the tree. 
In many cases I have, however, found young dead trees with 
the sapwood scored from top to base (see Pl. X, fig. 3, d) with 
the galleries of this Scolytus beetle and its companion S. minor, 
MS., whilst there was no trace of fungus present. In such cases 
S. major confines itself to the lower part of the young tree. 
Knowing as we do that neither of the beetles will lay their eggs 
in bark which is not absolutely fresh, we can but consider that 
the ultimate cause of death of these young trees was due tothe 
bast layer having been entirely consumed by the beetles, 
Protection and Remedies. 
In the previous number of these notes such have been 
already considered for this beetle. I would, however, here add 
one important recommendation. . 
If possible, all trees should be barked as soon as felled, and 
a clause to this effect should, I suggest, be entered in the con- 
tractor’s agreement, It will not be necessary to burn the bark. 
If it is exposed inside uppermost to the sun, the grubs and pupz 
will be killed. So long as trees felled at the periods the insect 
is intent on egg-laying are left lying in the forest unbarked, the 
pest will continue to increase rapidly and the results can hardly 
be other than most serious to existing growth. Immunity from 
serious attacks of this and other pests has been due to the fact 
that the forests have always contained an abundant supply of 
food material for them. As this becomes curtailed, the pests, if 
allowed and, unknowingly, aided to increase, will become a most - 
formidable danger. 
