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TOMICUS SP. 227 
Ne ee, fe - — = — eer 
is over and at once commence to eat out winding galleries in 
the bast which have a general direction at right angles to 
the direction of the mother-gallery. The greater number of 
the larve appear to develop from the eggs laid on the right hand 
of the gallery (see Pl. XIV, Pl. XV, fig 1, 7,) as the mother bores 
away from the pairing chamber, but I have not yet been able to 
account for this. Asthe larve increase in size so does the 
diameter of the tunnels they are boring ; they go deeper into the 
bark, and the whole plan of the mother and larval galleries 
remains indelibly impressed on the bark, long after the beetles 
have matured and left the tree. The larval borings do not groove 
the sapwood, consequently this latter only bears the impression 
of the pairing chamber and the egg-galleries with the notches 
cut by the beetles for the reception of their eggs. In the 
case of an old attack, therefore, if one wishes to find out whether 
the eggs hatched out and the larve became full grown, it is 
necessary to inspect the bark on the inside in addition to the 
sapwood. The mother-galleries are often as much as three 
inches in length and those of the larve, wh'ch are often very 
winding, 14 to 2$ inches. Plate XIV shows a piece of blue pine 
bark, 2ths natural size, riddled by this beetle: p=pairing chamber; 
e=ege-galleries and / the larval galleries. The larve pupate at 
the end of their galleries in the bast during the first days in June. 
Towards the middle of the month the new beetles, now mature, 
leave the tree through round holes bored horizontally through the 
bark from the pupating chamber and immediately attack fresh 
trees and lay their eggs in them. The larvae from these eggs soon 
make their appearance and the resulting beetles issue about the 
beginning of August. A I have said, a third generation (tihs 
would probably be only the second at higher elevations) of 
beetles appzars in the middle of September and from eggs laid 
by these the larvz of a fourth during October. In favourable 
years some of these latter develop into beetles which hiber- 
nate through the winter either in the pupal-chamber or, not 
improbably, if fully mature, in the thick bark of the trees, The 
remainder of the larvae pass the winter at the end of their 
galleries, in which they gnaw out a small chamber and then 
envelope themselves in a thin papery cocoon, Those which, as 
