228 TOMICUS SP. 

above described, go on to the beetle stage are the beetles of the 
fourth generation and are the ones which appear in the spring 
(April) and lay the eggs of the first generation of the year. The 
hibernating larve change early in the year into pupz and 
these into beetles, the latter appearing also about the beginning 
of May, and this leads to the generations overlapping to some 
extent. 
It is probable that when the circumstances of its environment 
are unfavourable, such as damp, very cold, weather, shady places 
at high elevations, etc., the normal number of generations passed 
through during the year is two, Similarly, in very favourable 
situations and in warm, dry years it is not improbable that the 
insect will be found to pass through four life cycles. 
Localities from where reported. 
This Tomtcus was first reported from the Chogaun forest, in 
the Bashahr State forests, Punjab, by Mr.Minniken, the Forest 
Officer in charge, in August 1900.1 On May 8th, I found the insect 
in abundance in some Blue pine trees near Konain in the Jaunsar 
forests, United Provinces and Oudh, and from this date till 
the middle of July either the insect itself or evidences of its 
attack were found in more or less abundance throughout the 
portions ofthe Jaunsar, Simla Hill States, and Bashahr Divisions 
visited, the march taking me (after leaving Jaunsar) v7@ Morach 
through the Jubal and Bashahr States to Kotgarh and thence 
on up through the Sutlej Valley Forests to Kilba and the Rogi 
Cliffs. 
Relations to the Forest. 
This insect both in the larval and beetle state does serious 
injury to the Blue pine and toa lesser degree, as far as present 
observation has shown, to the spruce (Pzcea Morinda). By the 
latter statement it is not meant that the actual damage done to 
the tree itself is less, for the bast of some trees has been found 
completely riddled by the beetles, but that only trees here and 
there have been noticed attacked by the insect up to the time 

~_—-—, 
'Mr. Minniken reported the attack to Mr.. Ribbentrop, at the time 
Inspector-General of Forests to the Government of India, and the latter 
went up and studied it during September. It is alluded to in a note pub- 
lished by Mr. Ribbentrop at p. 561 of the /ndian Fsorveter, Vol. XXVI. 


