256 POLYGRAPHUS LONGIFOLIA, MS. 

The Polygraphus bores straight through the bark, cften 
# inch thick, down to the bast layer, its hole of entrance being 
easily visible from outside, as it does not attempt to hide it by 
tunnelling in beneath a flake of bark or in the shelter of a 
crevice. On reaching the bast, the beetle bores out a heart- 
shaped chamber init and the sapwood. (See Pl. XVI, fig. 2, b’ 
(p)). This maybe the pairing chamber, but as yet I have 
never found more than one beetle present either in the chamber 
or egg-gallery. From the base of the ‘heart a longish egg- 
gallery is bored about 4} to 5 inches in length, and on each 
side, at some distance apart, little cavities are gnawed out and 
an egg laid in each, see Pl. XVI, fig. 2, b(e). The larva on 
hatching out of the egg bores away from the egg-gallery mostly 
in the sapwood and in a direction which is more or less at right 
angles to it (fig. 2 b(/)). The shape of this gallery is very 
constant and easily recognizable. The length, however, varies. 
The sapwood of dead saplings and branches is often completely 
covered with the patterns of this and Cryphalus longifolia 
described later on in this number of the notes. 
I have not as yet ascertained when the beetles of the second 
generation mature and issue, nor whether, which is most prob- 
able, there is a third generation in the year. 
Localities from where reported. 
The writer first discovered this beetle in the Prxus longi- 
folia forests round Taklesh in the Bashahr State, North-West 
Himalayas. The next year (1902) it was found in Tebhri- 
Garhwal (Jaunsar Division), North-West Himalayas. 
Relations to the Forest. 
Present observations show that this insect attacks saplings 
and the branches of large trees. It requires fresh cambium to 
lay its eggs in and will not touch dead bark. Pinus longt- 
folia has a very thick bark which even young saplings develop 
at an early age. This bark, however, appears to be no deterrent 
to the beetle, which will often bore into the tree through the 
thickest ridge of bark on it. The beetle is one which is capable 
of doing damage in young plantations and to natural regenera” 

