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POLYGRAPRUS LONGIFOLIA, MS. 357 
tion, should the trees of such become reduced in vitality through 
any cause, In Tehri-Garhwal in the Jaunsar Division, on an area 
of young Zrowth under high forest swept over by fire in Janu- 
ary 1902, I found some of the saplings attacked by the first 
generation of the beetle and in such cases the young trees had 
died, whereas the greater number, owing to the strong vitality 
of the pine anda favouring aspect, had recovered and were 
quite green at the top though scorched by the fire below. 
Protection and Remedies. 
Cut out all infected saplings and burn them if they cannot 
be barked. If barked, expose the inner surface of the bark 
to the sun’s rays, This will be sufficient to kill the larve and 
pupe present. Iu the case of serious attacks in the branches 
of older trees the latter should be felled and treated in the 
same way since they form centres from which the beetle will 
spread to young saplings. It will also not unlikely be found 
probable that old trees, whose branches are badly attacked by 
this Polygraphus, will have their main bole attacked by the large 
Tomicus (see page 282) of this pine, 
From the evidences to be found in young dead trees, and 
more especially branch wood, in the P. /ongifolia forests, there 
can be little doubt that this beetle at times swarms in large 
numbers, and its life history consequently requires to be fully 
worked out. 
Points tn the life history requiring further observation, 
1, When the insect first commences work in the spring. 
As the P. longifolia lives at low elevations, this is 
not unlikely to be early. 
Length of time spent in the various stages of egg, 
larva, pupa, and beetle of the first generation. 
3. The length of time spent in the various stages of the 
second generation, 
4. Is there a third (and fourth ?) generation ? If so, the 
dates of appearance of egg, larva, pupa and beetle. 
5. In which stage of its metamorphosis does the beetle 
pass through the winter ? 
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