CRYPHALUS LONGIFOLIA, MS. 269 
J 

subsequent minings of the larve which practically girdle the 
top or twig attacked, consequently ensuring its death. As 
I have already mentioned, it is often accompanied lower down 
the top or branch by the Polygraphus and by an even worse 
Scolytid pest describe’ below under the name of Cryphalus (?) 
major, MS. 
Protection and Remedtes. 
All young saplings infested should be cut out and burnt. 
In nurseries and small plantations attacked branches should 
be pruned close to the stem and burnt. The attack is easily 
discernible when the beetle is present in numbers (more 
especially when in company of either of the above-alluded-to 
beetles) as the needles turn yellow and there is an exudation 
of resin from the entrance holes. 
Points in the life history requiring further observation. 
1. Number of generations in the year. 
2. Length of time spent in the various stages of the 
metamorphosis—egg, larva, pupa, and beetle — in 
each generation. 
3. In which stage is the winter passed ? 
