CRYPHALUS (?) MAFOR, MS. 271 

eggs. A shallow irregularly-shaped chamber is first bored in 
the sapwood beneath the bark, both ¢ and ? beetles taking 
their share in this work, both having entered the tree by the 
same hole. (See Pl, XVII, fig.c, d, (p)). After the preparation 
ofthis chamber, it is probable that fertilization takes place and 
the ¢ beetle then leaves the tree to die. When attacking 
small branches the 2 now bores a tunnel vertically down into 
the sapwood, either at the centre or ina corner of the pairing 
chamber, fig. 1, c, d (f), until it reaches the pith of the branch ; 
she then mines out a gallery (fig. 1, c,d (e)) running in the 
longitudinal axis of the branchand at right angles to her former 
direction and about } aninch in length on either side of the 
vertical bore. The eggs, I think, are probably laid in this tunnel, 
and the larvee perhaps mine up and down both ways, but this 
latter has to be corroborated by further observations. In one 
or two instances it was noticed that the ends of the gallery in the 
pith were blocked up with plugs of what appeared to be chewed 
up pith in which the eggs may have been laid, When the female 
is disturbed in the pairing chamber, in which she apparently 
lives for some time after egg-laying, she at once retires down 
into the gallery in the pith by the vertical boring (f), In the 
case of larger branches only the hole at one side of the pairing 
chamber and the egg galleries, which are usually curved and 
branching, deeply groove the sapwood (see Pl. XVII, fig. 1 d). 
Indentations at irregular intervals are cut in the sides of the 
egg-gallery in which the eggs are laid. The larvze feed alinost 
entirely in the bast in which the larval galleries are bored. 
Figure 1, g, shows aportion of a branch badly attacked by this 
pest in which the galleries are so interlaced as to render it 
difficult to decipher them. This is the usual appearance of 
old attacks in the forest. . 
As this Cryphalus lives at a somewhat low elevation in hot 
valleys (the altitudes at which it was found were between 
2,500 and 3,000 ft.), it is probable that the June beetles 
observed egg-laying were laying the eggs of the second genera- 
tion of the year. Just a month later, however, in the first 
week in July, beetles were observed again egg-laying, 
