272 CRYPHALUS (?) MAFOR, MS. 

this time all the pairing galleries and many of the mother 
egg-galleries having been already prepared. No ¢ beetles 
were found at this period. This means that either the June-July 
generation is run through in all its stages in a month or what 
is perhaps more probable that there are several generations of 
these insects in the year and that the different life-cycles 
overlap. 
From some branches taken down to Dehra (elevation 2,000 
ft.) the writer obtained beetles in the middle and third week of 
September and others about the end of the first week of 
October. 
Locality from where reported. 
Found plentifully in the P7zxus longifolia forests in the 
Tons Valley, Jaunsar Division, N. W. Himalayas, 
Relations to the Forest. 
This isa more dangerous pest than its smaller companion 
Cryphalus since its galleries and boring operations are on a more 
extensive scale. Saplings and branches of older trees heavily 
attacked by the beetle lose their needles, which first turn 
yellow and then drop off. An examination will show circular 
entrance holes large in comparison to the minute ones made by 
the smaller Cryphalus, and these will be seen to be equally 
numerous on the outer surfaces of the thicker bark as in the 
interstices between the flakes. The beetle would seem to 
prefer dying or sickly trees for its operations, and it was noticed 
in some abundance in portions of a forest which had been 
overrun by fire the previous season, The tops of many young 
saplings were infested with the small Cryphalus and less numer- 
ously with this one. Lower down, however, the larger one was 
much more numerous, many of the stems being entirely riddled 
by the beetles. 
The beetle, since it is, as far as present observations go, 
invariably accompanied by Cryphalus longtfolia and, often, 
by Polygraphus longifolia MS. as well, must be considered a 
serious pest in young plantations, and its life history requires 
fully working out. 


