CRYPHALUS (?) MAFOR, MS. 273 

Protection and Remedies. 
Cut out and burn all young infested saplings. They may 
be easily recognised as the somewhat heavy foliage of the 
long-needled pine turns a bright yellow under heavy attacks 
and the trees thus become very conspicuous, 
Areas which have been overrun by fire or on which sickly 
trees are noted to exist should be carefully watched, the trees 
being inspected as often as possible for external shot holes. 
Trees with these appearing on them should be allowed to 
remain for a week or two until the beetles about have all 
oviposited in them when they should be cut out and burnt. 
During severe attacks trap trees (see p. 231) should be 
prepared. 
Points tn the life history requiring further observation. 
1. Where the eggs are laid. Is it inthe tunnel in the 
pith, in the case of the smaller branches, or are 
they laid in the angles of the irregular star- 
shaped pairing gallery ? 
2. Where do the larvz feed? Is it in the bast and sap- 
wood or in the sapwood alone or in sapwood and 
pith ¢ 
3. Number of generations in the year. 
> 
. Length of the various stages in each life-cycle—egg, 
larva, pupa, and beetle. 
5. In which stage is the winter passed ? 
