276 CRYPHALUS (?) DEODARA, MS. 
Subsequently it was noticed in several other parts of the 
division. 
It was also independently found about the same time by Mr. 
R. McIntosh, Deputy Conservator of Forests, at Konain in the 
Jaunsar Division some hundred odd miles to the south-east. 
Relations to the Forest. 
As far as present observation goes, this beetle does not bore 
into the main stem or main side branches of the deodar, but 
confines its operations to the small upright needle-bearing 
branchlets borne on the latter on which a new flush of needles 
appears in the spring. Under the attack the needles on the 
infested branchlets turn yellow and wither and the dying twigs 
thus become very conspicuous on the trees. Save for this wither- 
ing, the twigs show no other sign of external damage when 
first looked at, If taken hold of, however, they usually come off 
in the hand, snapping either from 4 to an inch or less (or it may 
be at the juncture itself) from the juncture withthe main branch. 
A close inspection shows that the twig breaks at the point at 
which it has been ringed. Above the ring the newly-attacked 
branch is seen to be dying, and on cutting it up larve or beetles 
will be found within it. This girdling results in short, dead 
stumps of twigs or the dead unfallen twigs themselves being 
present all up the main branches, and previous attacks can be at 
once recognized by this characteristic. When the twigs are 
girdled right at the base, these visible signs are not, however, so 
apparent. The foliage is seen to be much thinner on the branch, 
and if such branches are looked at closely the scars will be seen. 
When the dry twigs are in exposed situations, they soon get 
knocked off by the wind or blows from adjacent branches ; when 
however, they are on portions of the main branch which are 
more or less sheltered, they may be found persisting in numbers. 
The result of this attack, more especially when combined 
with that of the branch-boring Hypoborus (?) sp. beetle described 
below, entails a loss to the tree of young —needle-bearing 
twigs with the consequent decrease in the area of foliage— 
always a serious matter in the case of a conifer. As I have 
already said, the yellow rosettes of needles on the branches 
SO oe 
