286 ECCOPTOPTERA SEXDENTATA. 
three-quarters up from where they leave the main trunk, The 
portions above the ring die and the effect, whilst causing a cert- 
tain loss of branches, and consequently leaf-area to the tree, 
gives it a scraggy appearance, the ends of numbers of the 
branches being in a dead or dying state. 
Protection and Remedies. 
When attacks of this nature take place in nurseries, planta: 
tions, efc., a feasible plan of getting rid of the beetles is to care- 
fully collect all the portions of the twigs and branches above 
the rings and burn them. If this operation’ is done carefully and 
at the proper time, #.e., when they contain larvae or pupa, it will 
stamp out the pest. 
Points in the life history requtring further observation. 
1. Exactly where the eggs are laid by the female above 
the girdle. Is more than one egg laid above any 
one ring ? 
2. Length of time spent by the larva feeding in the 
branch. From the amountof wood consumed and 
the size oi the gallery made, I am of opinion that it 
will not improbably be found that several months 
are spent in this stage. 
3. Length of time spent in the pupal stage. 
4. Number of generations in the year. 
5. The male beetle has still to be found. Does it help the 
female in the girdling work ? 
6. In which stage does the insect pass through the 
winter ? 
