304 PYRAUSTA MACHERALIS. 

weeks each, so that the pest evidently makes its appearance 
early in the year in that presidency. Again, in Madras 
Mr. Van Haepter, Ranger in charge of the Nilambur Teak 
Plantations in South Malabar, reports that the caterpillars first 
appear in April, in which month they often entirely defoliate the 
teak trees. 
Mr. Hole notices, however, and the provision applies to 
other similar localities, that in the dry teak forests of the 
Jubbulpore and Damoh Divisions in the Central Provinces, 
larvee do not appear before June and July since the trees are 
leafless in April-May. Mr. Bell is, however, of opinion that the 
larvee may feed upon other trees besides teak on the Bombay 
side, and this may be the case in the Central Provinces, though 
Mr. Hole states he has not been able to prove it to be so. 
From the time of the first appearance of the larve to the 
time when hibernation commences, one generation succeeds 
another without interruption, and there can be no doubt that 
these generations overlap since some moths will appear earlier 
inthe spring from the hibernating larve than others, the 
caterpillars from the eggs of the former thus getting a start 
over the latter. All observations recorded tend to prove this 
to be the case. Mr. Bell writes :—‘ There are no set times of 
appearance here in Kanara; there are always a few teak trees 
in leaf all the year through, and there are always a few larve 
to be found in consequence.” Mr, Hole has found this to be the 
rule in Damoh and Jubbulpore, and the writer, during the latter 
portion of July 1901, spent in Berar and the same period and 
all August of 1902 spent in the Teak forest cf the Southern 
Circle (Coimbatore and Nilambur) in Madras, found a similar 
state of affairs. This means that all the stages of development 
of the insect, z.¢., egg, larva, pupa, and moth are to be found, if 
looked for, at the same time: the eggs on the leaves, the larve 
feeding upon the leaves, the pupe spun up in the leaves or in 
dried leaves on the ground, and the moths flying about the 
forest and settling upon the leaves to lay their eggs, 
In the Central Provinces Mr. Hole notices that the larvz 
begin to hibernate about the end of October. To do this 

