330 COCCINELLA SP. 

improbably be possible to collect these and place them in safety 
till the following year, should it prove that the beetle has but 
one life cycle in the year. It is more than probable that the 
insect could be used as a cure for other serious attacks of scales 
and aphids, and it would therefore be of great utility to collect 
and preserve the eggs. 
Points in the life history requiring further observation. 
1. Where the eggs are laid. 
2. Is there more than one life cycle in the year ? 
3. Does the coccinellid feed upon other insects besides the 
sAl tree white scale ? 
PARASITES AND ENEMIES OF COCCINELLA SP. 
1. Parasite on the Larva. 
A parasite infests thelarva. Numerous larve were observed 
in the first stage of pupation attached to the twigs or leaves, 
A close examination showed a number of minute holes on the 
external surface of the skin, as many as five or more in number: 
These were evidently the exit holes of hymenopterous or dipte- 
rous parasites, the whole of the inside of the larva having been 
eaten out. Itis evident that the larva of the parasite allows 
the coccinellid grub to reach maturity and pupate before finally 
killing it, so it is probable that the former will have destroyed a 
good many scales before it is killed off itself. There is no 
doubt, however, that a parasite of this kind must do a great 
deal towards keeping the predaceous lady-bird beetle in check 
and reducing its numbers. 
2. Enemy of the Pupa. 
I have observed that the pupa of the coccinellid is killed 
off by the larva of its own species. l.acvee were found. with 
their three pairs of legs round the red pupal case and their jaws 
buried in the skin, which they had pierced and from which they 
were sucking out the entire contents. Examination showed me 
numbers of pup treated in this way, all of them having. a 
round hole about their centres. Gruks subsequently kept had 
