STROM ATIUM ? sp. 385 
NI es a cei ds ttt eater eee 
‘easily recognisable as in the case of the red borer, as the 
white one packs its tunnel with wood excreta as it progresses 
forward and does not eject this. It will be remembered, how- 
ever, that it also bores air-holes to the outside, and these can be 
recognised in the same way as those of the red borer. Further 
we have seen that atree infested in previous years is liable to 
be attacked again in a succeeding year. So it would be well to 
remove those in which air-holes and fresh exit-holes are present’ 
A study of the predaceous and parasitic insects which prey 
upon the larva should also prove most useful. 
Points in the life-histories requiring further observation. 
1, Exactly where and when the beetles emerge and 
egg-lay. 
2, The period occupied in egg-laying. This period 
will coincide with that during which the beetles 
are to be found upon the wing. 
3. The period passed in the egg stage. 
4. The period spent by the grub boring in the woed. 
Is this less than a year? 
5, Length of time passed in the pupal stage. Since I 
found grubs full-fed and about to pupate in the 
first half of August, one of two things may occur—« 
(a2) The pupal stage may be a short one, and the 
beetles may emerge in September or 
October and lay their eggs upon the bark 
at once, and the cold weather may be 
passed through in this stage—the larve 
hatching out in February or March, pro- 
bably the former, or 
(4) The insect may remain in the pupal stage 
throughout the cold weather, or 
(c) The beetle may become fully developed be- 
fore the cold weather, but remain in the 
pupal chamber throughout the cold weather 
emerging about February. 
6. Length of time spent in the beetle stage. 
7. What predaceous and parasitic animals prey upon 
this borer ? 
