390 SPHA4ROTRYPES SIWALIKENSIS, n. sp. 
Life-History. 
This beetle makes its first appearance in the year about 
‘the middle of March in dry warm years, the beginning of April 
probably in cold wet ones. It is gregarious, flying to and 
attacking treesin swarms. The ¢? beetle, having paired with 
the male, bores horizontally through the bark till she reaches 
“the cambium layer and then mines out a short gallery, which 
grooves both bast and wood, parallel to the long axis of the 
“tree. In this she lays her eggs in little indentations made on 
either side allthe way up. The laryze on hatching out bore 
away from the mother gallery at angles which deviate more 
and more from the right angle the nearer they approach to the 
extremities of the tunnel (see fig. 1). On becoming full-fed the 
“Jarva, whose gallery is eaten out in both bark and wood, enlarges 
“the end of its tunnel into a kind of chamber and pupates in 
“this. The beetles on maturing leave the pupal chamber and 
the tree by boring astraight horizontal tunnel through the bark. 
Length of egg gallery={ to 1 inch. Length of larval tunnel is 
‘roughly about an inch, Number of eggs laid = 35-40. The 
plan of the egg and larval galleries is always constant and 
remains in the bark and sapwood of attacked trees, forming a 
record of the beetles’ presence in the past in that forest. 
Fig, Ic, depicts the inner side of a piece of Sal bark showing the 
yplan of one whole set of galleries complete and portions of two 
others. 
The ¢ beetle remains alive for some time after 
egg-laying and keeps her entrance tunnel and egg-gallery 
completely free of all wood-dust and dirt. She finally dies in 
the entrance tunnel a little distance down from its mouth. The 
eggs laid by the March beetle are those of the first generation of 
the year. Larvz hatch out within 3 to 4 days of the eggs being 
laid, and are full-fed about the end of April. The beetles 
mature some time during May, and either one or, more pro- 
“pably, two more generations are passed through between this 
-and the third week in September. From this latter date up 
