* 
CLANIA CRAMERI, Westwood. 425 

On visiting the plantations at Chatrapur (Ganjam) the 
insect was found to be very fairly numerous. It escapes general 
notice, as all that is usually apparent to the observer is the 
greyish case hanging to the branches of the trees. This, as the 
caterpillar the case contains is not seen actively feeding, is not 
associated with any defoliation the trees.:may have undergone. 
Some of the larvae found near the middle of the month were 
full grown, others had pupated, whilst one moth issued in the 
box they were kept in on the 13th, Others were bred out in 
the Indian Museum on the 18th, 25th; August 4th, rath, 13th, 
14th, rgth, 20th and 24th, respectively. The pupal stage would 
appear to last from 10 to 14 days, but further observations are 
required on this point. Female moths were obtained at the 
Museum through August. er 
__ Before pupating the caterpillar attaches its case to the 
branch or twig of the tree, and then closes up the silken bag- 
like mouth. It then turns round in the case so as to hang head 
downwards and becomes canary-yellow in colour, entirely losing 
its mottled appearance: its head and first segments also shrink 
greatly in size. When the male moth is ready to emerge, the 
pupa forces itself downwards through what was formerly the 
bottom or posterior part of the case until it projects about 
two-thirds of its length. The moth then bursts the upper end 
of the pupal case and emerges. 
The female moth remains in the case and the male pairs 
with her in this position. Avery large number of eggs are 
laid. From countings made of young larve which issued in 
the Museum [ find the number of these latter issuing from 
eggs laid within the bag by one female to be between 550 and 
600. The eggs hatch within a week of laying. The young 
larvee on issuing from the egg are naked, 2.¢., they have no 
bag. They are very active on leaving the old case and spread 
out over the tree, walking with great rapidity. In this defenceless 
state they must be very subject to attacks of all kinds of 
predaceous foes, and also be liable to be drowned during heavy 
rain storms, Within 20 hours they make their first covering 
or bag, this being formed of a small piece of the epidermis of 
the bark of a twig. This is added to as they grow large. 
G 
