16 
EDWARD LEHDE NURSERIES, GARDENVILLE, N. Y. 
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The Planting and Care of Roses 
WHEN TO PLANT 
Fall planting of Roses is often recommended as best, 
but many prefer early Spring planting. Fall planting is 
definitely better than delayed Spring planting. Drainage 
conditions may be the decisive factor in determining 
whether to plant in Spring or Fall. If drainage conditions 
are good, Fall planted Roses come through in better shape 
than those planted in Spring. If drainage is poor, the Fall 
planted bushes may be damaged by heaving resulting 
from alternate freezing and thawing of the soil, or by the 
absorption of an excessive amount of soil water. 
WHAT TO PLANT 
The proper choice of Rose bushes is important. This 
does not mean so much the choice of varieties as that of 
selecting well-grown, sturdy stock. A rose garden planted 
with cheap, inferior bushes will never be satisfactory. 
Plants ought to be obtained from reputable dealers who 
handle northern grown stock and who give them the 
proper handling and care before the customer receives 
them. By all means avoid the mail order ‘‘bargains.”’ 
At times good bushes can be obtained at bargain prices 
if there is opprtunity to make inspection of stock and 
have the bushes cut back to proper planting height. This 
usually occurs later in the planting season and more care 
and attention is required by the planter at this time. 
WHERE TO PLANT 
Select the spot for your Rose garden where the sun 
shines for at least half a day; out in the open where there 
is little chance of large trees or bushes robbing the soil 
of its nourishment. Avoid low spots, where the water 
stands for any length of time after a rain. Plant Roses 
where they will have their own room and never among 
other plants. 
CARE AFTER PLANTING 
Cr ltivation—Cultivate the top inch or two of the soil 
on the Rose bed each week and water thoroughly if the 
weather is dry. Much of this labor of cultivation can be 
eliminated if the beds are covered with a 2-inch mulch of 
grass clippings, peat moss, or strawy well-rotted stable 
manure about June Ist. A trowel full of bonemeal, another 
of sheep manure or a small handful of Vigoro worked about 
each plant twice each season will produce a healthy, pro- 
fuse blooming plant. 
Yearly Pruning—The same general pruning require- 
ments hold for every type of Rose bush except the Climb- 
ers, Harison Yellow, Persian Yellow, Hugonis, and Rose 
species which require special treatment. The first step 
in the Spring is to clean the base of the plant, removing all 
suckers, dead wood, and weak growth. Then remove the 
old wood which has bloomed for 2 years or more. It is 
easily recognized by the dark color and its general appear- 
ance. These varieties mentioned should be trimmed after 
they are through blooming. 
Hybrid Teas—The second step, shortening the branches, 
requires a little more care and thought. The Hybrid Teas 
should be pruned according to the type of bloom desired. 
For average pruning, remove about two-thirds of the pre- 
vious year’s growth. If you want Roses for bouquets 
(long-stemmed) remove about three-fourths of the previous 
year’s growth. For exceptionally fine individual blossoms, 
prune even lower, and leave but two good canes on the 
plant. 
Baby Ramblers—The base of the plant should be cleaned 
of weak growth and the spent flower heads should be re- 
moved before going to seed, if you desire continuous bloom 
all Summer. 
Climbers keep growing from near the top of the old canes. 
Therefore, cut out only dead wood, and such branches as 
tend to spoil the shape of the bush. Leading Climbers are 
such as Paul’s Scarlet, Dr. W. Van Fleet, and Primrose. 
Winter Protection—If the Winters are severe, the 
Hybrid Teas should be protected in the Winter by hilling 
up the earth about the stems in the Autumn, and after 
the ground is frozen protected from alternate thawing 
and freezing by covering the entire mound with leaves or 
evergreen boughs. 
HOW TO PLANT 
The beds should be prepared rwo weeks or more in 
advance to allow for settling of the ground. Dig toa depth 
of about 16 inches and incorporate humus, either in the 
form of well-rotted manure or peat moss. As the former 
is often somewhat difficult to obtain, peat moss is being 
used more and more. The addition of peat to soil for out- 
door garden Roses always has given good results, regard- 
less of the proportion used. Despite the fact that Roses 
are supposed to respond best in heavy clay soils, improved 
growth in flower production, as much as 100 per cent, 
have been obtained by the addition of peat. It is possible 
to double the growth and flower production of Roses by 
watering during hot weather. Avoid wetting foliage, if 
possible, in order to eliminate troubles from mildew and 
blackspot. 

Planted too deep. 
Correct planting depth. Planted too shallow. 
Roses should be planted as soon as they are received 
If this is not possible, bury the roots in a shallow trench 
and cover tops with straw or burlap. Set the plant in the 
hole, spreading out the roots carefully and cover with 
good soil, and firm thoroughly. Roses will not thrive and 
grow if the soil is not thoroughly firmed about the plants. 
If the ground is very dry, fill the hole with water when it 
is about two-thirds fall of dirt, and allow this to settle 
before throwing back the rest of the dirt. Plant deep 
enough so that the union of 
bud and stock is 1 inch beneath 
the surface. Mound the soil 
around the Rose bushes when 
planting in the Spring, and re- 
move in 2 or three weeks after 
the growth has started. This 
prevents the Rose from drying 
out by sun and wind before the 
roots have become established. 
This is done again in the Fall 
for Winter protection and re- 
moved about the 10th of April. 
Plant the Roses 16 to 18 inches 
apart, according to size. This 
distance is sufficient for most 
AA of the Hybrid Teas and Baby 
’ INS Ramblers, though a few of the 
nhs more vigorous Hybrid Teas 
/ ‘ may be planted 1% to 2 feet 
AN apart. Hybrid » Eerpetuals 
: should be planted 2 feet apart 
See cenrcen stew each way, the Climbers about 6 
bush each spring. feet apart if planted in rows. 
Climbing Roses are planted in 
the same way as the bush 
kinds, but at a greater distance 
apart. Pruning of the broken and dried branches should 
be done when planting. Protect the canes from wind and 
sun until root action has started by wrapping with burlap 
or straw or by laying down the canes and covering lightly 
with soil. Established plants need only be pruned to 
keep them within bounds; this should be done after bloom- 
ing or during the Winter. 
SPRAYING AND DUSTING 
Powdered sulphur sprinkled on the plants once every 
two weeks will control mildew. A frequent spraying of 
the plants with Black Leaf 40 will kill plant lice or aphis 
which are a common Rose pest. A thorough dusting of 
Roses with a mixture made up of one part lead arsenate, 
one part tobacco dust, and nine parts dusting sulphur is 
a fine preventive as well as a cure for most all Rose diseases. 

