122, 
In the length of the posterior zygapophyses or articular processes (Pl. XXXII. 3’) and 
the depth of the triangular depression between them, the present vertebra bears more 
resemblance to the cervical vertebrae of the Emeu than to any in the neck of the Ostrich, 
the Rhea, or the Apteryx: but the pleurapophysis or process representing the cervical 
rib (ib. pl) is not so pointed or prolonged as in the Emeu ; it mare resembles that in the 
Apteryx: the breadth or depth of this process, the large relative size of the canal which 
it overarches and completes, and the ridges and furrows on the outer surface, bespeak 
the strong development of the cervical muscles and the great strength of the neck. 
The characteristic conformation of the cervical vertebre in the class of Birds is well- 
displayed in the present specimen, and the particular modifications characteristic of the 
Dinornis are better elucidated by the figures than by verbal description, 
The next cervical vertebra (Pl. XXXII. figg. 4 & 5), like the foregoing, is from the 
part of the neck where the neural spinous process ceases to be developed, there being in 
its place a flat surface (s) behind a rough shallow depression for the attachment of the 
strong, short, elastic ligament: the difference of size and conformation of the present, 
as compared with the foregoing vertebra, is obviously not such as depends on mere 
difference of position in the same neck, or in the neck of the same species, but clearly 
indicates a difference of species in the birds to which they have respectively belonged. 
The present vertebra may well, from its size, have come from the anterior third part of 
the cervical series in the Dinornis giganteus ; the preceding from the corresponding part 
of Dinornis ingens. In assigning the vertebra (Pl. XVII. figg. 1—3, p. 109) to the largest 
species of Dinornis, I was influenced by the ordinary proportions of those bones in 
other birds: the present specimens prove that the strength of the neck was greater and 
the cervical vertebre relatively larger in the genus Dinornis, and the above-cited ver- 
tebra must be assigned to Din. ingens rather than to Din. gigas. 
The costal process (Pl. XXXII. pl) here presents a similar breadth and depth and ex- 
ternal sculpturing : the upper and posterior margin is produced into a short obtuse point. 
From the base of this part a ridge extends obliquely upwards and backwards to that of 
the posterior zygapophysis or oblique process (ib. 2'), parallel with the shorter and 
stronger ridge from the anterior oblique process (ib. 2) to the base of the spine: between 
these ridges there is a deep depression opening at the bottom into the cancellous struc- 
ture of the bone. This foramen pneumaticum is not present in the smaller cervical ver- 
tebra (ib. figg. 1—3). The rudimental spinous process (7). fig. 5, s) forms a transverse 
barrier across the front of the depression between the posterior oblique processes, which 
depression is broader and more rounded at the bottom than in the preceding vertebra, 
and is quadrate, not triangular, in the present vertebra. 
The largest vertebra in Dr, Mackellar’s collection is an inferior cervical one (P1,X XXIIL.), 
corresponding with that of the smaller species of Dinornis figured in Pl. XVII. fige. 7, 8 & 
9, in the presence, as in the Apteryx, of a compressed hemal or inferior spinous process. 
In this character both species of Dinornis more resemble the small existing Struthious 

