167 
thence the bony roof of the mouth. It is convex above, where it forms a very thin 
shell of bone; on the outside of this tumid part of the maxillaryis the sutural surface 
for the premaxillary and nasal bones, the latter being the smaller part. The malar 
process of the maxillary (Pl. LXIV. fig. 1, 21) extends backward from the outer and 
posterior angle; the inner angle terminates in a point, which was underlapped by the 
palatine. 
Neither palatines nor pterygoids are preserved in the present skull. The maxillary 
(21), malar (26), and squamosal (27) coalesce to form the usual slender and straight 
zygomatic arch in birds. This increases in depth and diminishes in thickness at the 
squamosal part, which shows a feebly convex upper border: its posterior end is 
thickened to form the convexity adapted to the cup (PI. LXII. fig. 2, 4) on the outer 
part of the tympanic (28). 
The modifications of certain parts of the skull of the Dinornis robustus are of a nature 
to throw light on some moot points in the craniology of birds. 
Dr. Melville contends that ‘‘ the interorbital septum in Birds is the homologue of the 
Mammalian presphenoid”’’. But of this presphenoid in Pigeons he describes the ‘‘ ossi- 
fied portions of the ethmoid, or olfactory capsule,” to be processes?. Moreover, he 
admits that the ‘interorbital septum’ appears on the upper surface of the cranium 
‘behind the premaxillary, and between the nasals,” ‘‘in the Emu and other Stru- 
thionide’’*, It is shown in this exposed position in the Ostrich (art. Aves, Cyclop. of 
Anat. vol. i. p. 274, fig. 127, 7) as part of the ‘ethmoid,’ in the Emu (Zool. Trans. 
vol. iii, pl. 39. figs. 1 & 2, 14) as ‘ prefrontals,’ and in the Rhea (Zool. Trans, vol. v. 
pl. 42) as the ‘ middle ethmoid’ or ‘ perpendicular ethmoid.,’ 
I have not, however, met with any instance, in any class, in which the ‘ anterior 
sphenoid’ afforded attachment to ‘turbinals’ or ossified parts of the olfactory capsule. 
Anthropotomists describe and figure the homologue of the ‘ presphenoid’ as the 
‘rostrum ’* of the sphenoid bone, to which is articulated the vomer and the perpen- 
dicular part of the ethmoid.”’ 
The ‘rostral’ form and proportions of the ‘anterior sphenoid’ in Cetacea approach 
nearer than in most other mammals to those of the ‘rostrum of the sphenoid’ in 
Birds and Reptiles. I am unable, therefore, to accept the special homology of the 
‘interorbital septum’ in birds proposed or adopted by Dr. Melville. His views of the 
‘‘eeneral homology” of the part in question are expressed as follows :—‘‘ For reasons 
which cannot be discussed here, I regard the interorbital septum as the compressed 
body of the third and last or most anterior of the cranial vertebrae”. But, in this 
case, we have the body or centrum of a vertebra appearing at the ee face of a 
neural arch, and displacing the moieties of a neural spine, projecting, @. 9., ‘ between 
the nasals,” as in the Struthious birds already adduced. And beneath this part so 
? Ibid. * Thid. 
* Op. cit, p. 87. 
Z 
| Dodo and its Kindred,” ‘ Osteology of the Dodo,’ 4to, 1848, p. 87. 
‘ « Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical,’ by H. Gray, 5yo, p. 33, fig. 30. 
