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from the last or fifteenth, ib. C 15, up to the atlas, ib. C 1. The size of the articular 
cup on the fore part of the atlas determined the cranium belonging to the present 
skeleton of Dinornis elephantopus. 
In the last cervical, 2b. C 15, the hypapophysis is a ridge from the front half of the 
centrum ; which centrum is longer, but of less fore-and-aft extent than that of the first 
dorsal. The short rib is anchylosed to both parapophysis and diapophysis; it is an 
inch and a half in length, pointed and directed backwards. The spine is smaller in all 
its dimensions than in the first dorsal. 
In the fourteenth cervical, 7b. C 14, the hypapophysis is a thick sub-bilobed ridge 
from near the fore part of the centrum, but is extended transversely, not from before 
backwards. The rib is merely a bar uniting the ends of the two transverse processes : 
the spine is rather more than an inch long, nearly an inch broad, half an inch from 
before backwards, and bifurcated, with the two divisions on the same transverse line. 
The thirteenth cervical, ib. C 13, has a pair of anterior hypapophyses with their 
tuberous ends approaching and almost meeting each other, so as to complete a hemal 
canal. The median cleft of the short spine almost divides it into two processes. The 
canal circumscribed by the met-, di- and pleur-apophyses, on each side of the vertebra, 
is large enough to admit the fore-finger. The centrum appears to be larger than in 
the succeeding vertebrae, because it does not lose in fore-and-aft extent while decreasing 
in other dimensions. 
In the twelfth cervical, 2b. C 12, the anterior hypapophyses are wider apart: the 
transverse pair of spines are also more apart, and are shorter than in the thirteenth 
vertebra. 
In the eleventh cervical, ib. C 11, the hypapophyses are shorter and wider apart: the 
neural spine is now a pair of tuberosities. 
The under surface of the tenth cervical, ib. C 10, is widely grooved, with the hyp- 
apophysial tubercles deepening the fore part of the sides of the groove. Slightly con- 
verging ridges from the upper part of the posterior zygapophyses represent the neural 
spine. 
These ridges converge as they advance upon the neural arch, in the ninth, eighth, 
seventh, sixth, and fifth cervicals, in which a low tuberosity on the fore part of each 
ridge represents the divided neural spine. The under surface of the centrum becomes 
flatter in the above vertebre: the hypapophyses are represented by a tubercle on the 
lower part of each parapophysis. 
In the fourth cervical, ib. C4, the pair of tubercles representing the neural spine are 
onger: in the third cervical they are closer together: in the second they have coalesced 
to form a single spine, with a deep fossa at its back part: in the atlas, ib. 1, the neural 
spine is obsolete. 
The hypapophysis in the third cervical is a single median ridge 
, a8 it is also in the 
axis, or second vertebra: in the atlas it is absent. 
The hind surface of the body of the 

