304 
MEMOIR 
ON THE 
APTERYX AUSTRALIS. 
SUPPLEMENT TO MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 
§ 1. Muscles of the Mandible and Hyoid of the Apteryx. 
THE illustrations of the myology of the Apteryx in my second Memoir on this bird! 
were mainly devoted to the muscles of the trunk and limbs; I now, therefore, supply 
figures (Pl. XCII. figs. 1-4) in which are shown some muscles of the eye, the jaw, and 
the tongue, either undescribed or briefly referred to in that Monograph. 
The origin of the “constrictor colli” (Pl. X. a), by a “broad fasciculus from the 
outer part of the superoccipital ridge” (ib. p. 42), is shown at a, fig. 3. It is reflected 
back, to expose the homologue of the “biventer mandibule” (y), @ powerful muscle 
which arises tendinous from the outer and anterior marginal ridge of the paroccipital, 
swells into a fleshy belly, which again contracts to its insertion into the slightly deflected 
angle of the mandible. 
The external or posterior “ temporalis ” (a) and the internal or anterior « temporalis ” 
(8) have their origins exposed in fig. 3, Pl. XCII., and their entire course shown in 
fig. 4, ib. The external muscle derives its origin from the lower and lateral part of the 
parietal as far back as the mastoid (8). The origin of the internal portion continues 
the curved line forward from the parietal to the postfrontal. The fibres of the external 
portion pass obliquely forward, external to those of the anterior portion, to be inserted 
into the fore part of the outer surface of the marginal coronoid elevation of the man- 
dible. The fibres of the anterior portion (3, fig. 4) descend less obliquely, and more 
directly embrace, by their insertion, the long and low, sharp, 
Apteryx; the hinder fibres descend vertic 
hind end of the ridge. 
of the temporal in Man 
straight coronoid ridge in 
ally, and are continued backward to the 
Both portions, like the more collective mass of carneous fibres 
and Mammals, pass behind the horizontally extended arch of 
* (Muscular System) p. 41, Pls. X.—Xv. 
* As in Man, the temporal muscle is described as 
and parietal bone above to the mastoid portion of t 
Svo, 1858, p. 200. The « temporalis externus ” 
“temporal muscle.” 
extending its origin “from the curved line on the frontal 
he temporal behind.”—Gray’s Anatomy, Descriptive,’ &e., 
in birds answers to the posterior portion of the mammalian 

