400) 
The neural spine is represented by a pointed ligamentous surface above the fore 
border of the arch; behind this rises the pair of low obtuse processes subsiding into 
the hyperapophyses above the postzygapophyses. 
Ag the neural roof subsides behind the part between the bases of the parial, guasi- 
neural spines, their connecting-bar is so indicated. ‘The hind part of each spine extends, 
subsiding to the hyperapophyses. 
TWELFTH VERTEBRA (4 natural size). 
ip 

Aspects. 
Vig. 15, lateral; 16, postaxial. 
The twelfth cervical is chiefly distinguished by the nearer proximity to one another 
of the hypapophyses, the extremities of which, in a direct hind view (fig. 16,./y), 
appear below the divisions of the postaxial surface, pe, not at its sides, as in Struthio t. 
The transverse diameter of the postaxial part of the neural arch, taken outside the 
pedicles, is one fourth less than the same diameter of the preaxial part. The riblet 
(fig. 15, pl), though longer than in the six or seven preceding cervicals, is relatively 
shorter than in the fourth (fig. 12, p/). The neural arch attains its greatest length in 
the twelfth vertebra. The connecting bar (fig. 16, &) of the parial neural spines is 
slightly raised, and is better defined before and behind by the rough pits for the 
elastic ligaments than in some of the antecedent cervicals. The breadth of the neural 
platform across the postzygapophyses is relatively greater, in a small degree, than in 
the antecedent cervicals; yet their articular surfaces (fig. 15, pz) remain longer in 
proportion to their breadth. The perforation of the interzygapophysial bar continues. 
' Th, loc, cit. p. 493, fig. 30, ¢. 
