
Milk Profits Depend On Pasture Yields 

Timothy 
Most extensively used grass, because seed is cheap, yields well 
first two seasons, cures easily, is palatable. While fed mostly to 
horses, it has more merit for dairy cattle, if cut early, than is gen- 
erally recognized. Prices page 5. 
COMMON - Northern grown, of the highest quality obtainable. Pur- 
ity 99.50% or better. 
CORNELL NO. 1777 TIMOTHY - Best selecton out of hundreds 
tested by Cornell plant breeders. Very uniform, medium height and 
maturity, very leafy, fine stemmed, retains green color long, rust 
resistant. Yields 25% to 30% more than ordinary timothy — better 
quality. Used also in pasture mixture. Sold out. 
ABERYSTWYTH PASTURE TIMOTHY S50 - Short, very 
leafy strain with creeping habit that produces dense and persistent 
sward. Productive and palatable. Seeds very sparingly. 
TIMOTHY AND ALSIKE MIXTURE - This natural mixture 
saves a little on seed costs, altho proportions are not best and weed 
content is often high. Our mixture contains 22% or more alsike and 
has low weed content. 
Miscellaneous 
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS - Basis of most good pastures and _ 
lawns in the Northeastern States. Ability to spread, fine tender 
leaves, palatability and winter hardiness are its strong points. Shallow 
root system and consequent drying up in drought periods is its weak- 
ness. Full production is‘not reached till the third or fourth year. Re- 
quires lime and good drainage. 
CANADA BLUE GRASS - Smaller, less palatable, poorer yielder 
than Kentucky, but grows on more acid, wetter and poorer soils, where 
Kentucky will not grow. 
ORCHARD GRASS - Tall, tufted grass, coarse stems, not so well 
relished by stock. However, it is very early and stands drought well. 
RED TOP - Second important hay grass. Not as salable, not as 
heavy yielder as timothy, but stands wet, acid or poor soils better. 
Produces full crop hay or pasture first year after seeding. 
REED CANARY GRASS - A marshy land crop. Produces large 
yields 3 to 6 tons in two cuttings, palatable, nutritious hay, on low 
overflow lands and marshes too wet for other crops. Makes tough 
sod that will support horses and hay machines where they could not 
be used before. Or, it can be pastured throughout the season and has 
carried 3 or 4 head per acre. Plowing and fitting are desirable, but 
not absolutely necessary. Seed 5 to 7 lbs. broadcast any time, but pre- 
ferably late fall or early spring. Do not sow on high ground. 
SMOOTH BROME GRASS - Winter hardy, drouth resisting 
perennial. Underground stolons make strong sward. Leafy and es- 
pecially palatable and nutritious. Sow 14 to 21 lbs. per acre alone, or 
8 lbs. with 12 lbs. alfalfa in a hay-pasture mixture, or substitute it for 
part of the blue grass in a pasture mixture. 
ROUGH STALKED MEADOW GRASS - Produces heavy bot- 
tom of fine leaves, relished by stock as pasture or hay. Recommended 
for temporary or permanent pastures and meadows to be cut 3 years 
or more. Seed is small, one to two pounds per acre in mixture. 
DOMESTIC RYE GRASS - Strongly recommended for winter 
cover crop after vegetables, corn, tobacco, etc. Proved superior to 
rye, sweet clover and other crops. Seed is cheap, catches well, inter- 
feres little with main crop, is satisfactorily winter hardy, makes sur- 
prisingly dense root growth but no rank woody spring growth, plows 
and fits like sod. Sow 20 lbs. per acre at last cultivation in cultivated 
crops or broadcast over them before or after harvest or sow in disked 
grain stubble. Covering seed should be done very lightly if at all. 
Sowing should be done by winter wheat planting time. Early sowing 
affords fall pasture. If not spring plowed, it may be pastured then or 
cut for hay or threshed for seed. 
SVALOF VICTORIA PERENNIAL RYE GRASS - Bred by 
Swedish agronomists especially for pasture use and lawns. Makes 
strong sward and produces heavy crop of fine leaves of excellent feed- 
ing value. This strain of rye grass is Cornell’s first choice for use in 
the Cornell Pasture Mixture. Our seed was grown here from import- 
ed certified seed. 
JAPANESE MILLET - Best of the millets. Very satisfactory for 
green feed or hay. Planted after corn and up to July ist, it is ready 
to feed green or cut for hay in eight weeks. It supplements the pas- 
ture or the hay supply. Grows well on light soils. Sow 15 to 35 Ibs. 
HUNGARIAN MILLET - Can be sown later, to about July 10th, 
and must be fed with caution, not more than half the roughage. Sow 
35 to 45 lbs. per acre. 
PROSO MILLET - Grown primarily as catch crop. We offer purple 
top Turghai, and Yellow Proso, both heavy grain yielders ripening in 
60 to 70 days. Can be planted after winter barley or wheat, canning 
peas or other early harvested crop. Its grain is good for all live- 
stock, excellent for poultry. Sow 25 lbs. per acre. 
DWARF ESSEX RAPE - Belongs to cabbage family. Very 
nutritious. Usually grown for green feed for sheep or hogs or cattle 
in rows and cultivated, or broadcast. Plant 3 to 5 lbs. per acre, from 
May to August. Ready to feed in 8 to 10 weeks. Successive plantings 
extend the feeding period. Sometimes sown in spring grains and pas- 
tured in stubble. If not pastured too closely, the plants renew them- 
selves. 
SPRING VETCH - Makes high protein green feed or hay. Sow 
80 Ibs. per acre at oat planting time. Inoculate with Nitragin C. 
HAIRY VETCH - Can be sown fall or spring, usually early fall, 
with rye, various proportions, 1-12 to 2 bushels total. Use Nitragin C. 
SUDAN GRASS - The dairymen’s friend. Sudan makes pasture, 
green feed, hay or silage that dairy cattle relish and respond to with 
milk. Sow from corn planting time to July 1st, 5 to 8 lbs. per acre in 
rows cultivated, or 20 to 30 lbs. broadcast. Early plantings make 
two cuttings. Cut for hay shortly after blooming. Seed cost is low, 
returns high. More dairymen should provide Sudan Grass and avoid 
the summer slump in milk production. 
SORGHUM - Grows as tall as corn. When rowed and cultivated like 
corn, Sow 12 to 15 lbs. per acre. When broadcast, sow 40 lbs. per acre. 
Relished especially by horses and cattle. 
Pasture Seeding & Manaqement 
Pasturage is one of the most important crops in the Northeastern 
States, yet few farmers give it the attention it deserves. Until re- 
cently, little effective study of the subject had been made by any of 
the agricultural colleges in this Country. As a result of research 
started at Cornell in 1931 by Dr. D. B. Johnstone-Wallace, a very suc- 
cessful program of pasture management for this area has been 
developed. 
At Cornell are pastures so managed. They produce from 2 to 3 
tons of dry matter per acre containing from 20% to 30% protein. 
This is as much dry matter as in a 10 to 16 ton crop of silage and as 
much protein as in a 3 to 6 ton crop of alfalfa. Such production is 
definitely profitable and the methods of getting it deserve study by 
all livestock farmers. Write Office of Publications, Col. of Agr., 
Ithaca, N. Y. for free copy of Bulletin 393 ‘‘Pasture Improvement and 
Management”. It explains fertilizing, liming, seed mixtures, method 
of seeding and grazing management and illustrates results. 
Following are Cornell’s 1941 seeding recommendations:- 
CORNELL SPECIAL PASTURE MIXTURE - Intended for 
good land, well fertilized, and managed according to recommendations. 
To be seeded in April or May without nurse crop. The mixture is:- 

ieraigholeay ledhiye Greasy .. IMO Moee  UDrayexileniy = ee 6 lbs. 
Canada Blue Grass ............ A oc, —  Yeeionyyy MBean Se 2 lbs. 
Perennial Rye Grass ........ A115 Seem V All Clem Vi bu Gem ©] Ove Teen erase 1 lb. 
Totalee ae eres tees 2 25 lbs. 
CORNELL GENERAL PURPOSE MIXTURE - To be used 
under similar conditions but for combination hay and pasture or pas- 
ture only. May be seeded with nurse crop. It is:— 

Kentucky Blue Grass ........ 6lbs. Medium Red Clover ................ 2 lbs. 
TMM th ye seme eee eee 8 bs Mee si ke memset eee Weer tee kn van I Aey, 
aA falda. gee ee ete Albs. Wadine, White Clover =... 1 lb. 
Ota] Sag 2: Meee ee Z21DSs 
CORNELL UTILITY MIXTURE - For land of lower fertility. 
Kentucky Blue Grass ........ 4lbs. Mammoth Red Clover ............ 3 lbs. 
Canada, Blue (Grass 225. B lDst acd Isikewi fees SO ae eee a eae 3 lbs. 
Pim Ot hye eee ce eke. 6 lbs. ~ Ladino, White Clover -2.2.2 1 lb. 
Red Slo pre crseet o ee oes 2 lbs. _ 
Lota] see ee 22 lbs. 
We offer the above mixtures made up with seeds approved by 
Cornell including Kent County Wild White Clover and Svalof Victoria 
Perennial Rye Grass in the first. Prices page 5. Mixtures for dry 
land, wet land, good alfalfa land, poultry ranges and other special 
situations will be quoted on request. 
IMPROVEMENT OF OLD PASTURES - In many cases, it is 
impossible or impracticable to apply the Cornell program in its en- 
tirety, but usually one or more of the following things may be done, 
and done profitably, on parts if not all of the existing pastures. 
Phosphate poorer parts, or all of the pasture, using as much as you 
can afford up to 600 lbs. per acre every four years. Where drill or 
lime sower can’t be used, apply granular superphosphate with cyclone 
broadcaster. 
Lime, if needed and where needed, to encourage Wild White Clover 
and Kentucky Blue Grass. 
Potash if needed, on sandy or gravelly places especially. 
Sow Cornell Pasture Mixture on spots or parts where stand is light. 
Sow early in spring when ground is honeycombed. For later sowings 
the ground should be loosened a little if possible with disc, spiketooth 
or brush drag. 
Sow Wild White Clover alone where there are less than 3 wild clover 
plants per square yard. 
Mulch newly seeded spots lightly with coarse or trashy manure, corn 
stalks or light brush to protect seedlings. 
Pasture closely enough to keep all grasses from getting over 4” tall 
and weeds from seeding. 
Mow pastures in early July, or twice each season if necessary to keep 
growth of grasses and weeds down. 
Seatter droppings in Fall with brush drag, spike tooth drag, or weeder. 
Cut brush and useless trees in Winter. 
Successful Live-Stock Farmers Know Their Forage Crops 
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