-THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 201: 
thought was one great struggle against Bigotry. Galileo, when 
accused of heresy, recanted ; but when on his knees said to him-. 
self, ‘The world is round all the same.” Accurate thought 
systematized is incontrovertible. 
What a dreadful sight, Science, in the form of Galileo (recant- 
ing what he knows to be true), on her knees. before the bigots of 
the Church! Mind you, not before Religion ; for Science and true 
Religion have always been twin sisters. 
Leonardo da Vinci was the wanted man; he came apparently 
inspired, and grasped ideas and solved problems that ordinary 
minds would have quailed before. 
Compared to Leonardo, Bacon was an obstruction, and not a 
light, in the path of Science. He actually went so far as to decry 
the value of scientific instruments, thinking our unaided senses 
the more accurate. 
Leonardo had able helpers. Galileo, Toricelli, Castelli, Viviani, 
Borrelli, Gassendi, Michael Angelo, are names that can never 
be forgotten. It is curious to remark that most of these great men. 
did not confine themselves to one thing; most were poets, sculptors, 
painters, mathematicians, and even legislators, and in each branch. 
foremost. 
Now, in this fifteenth century, all old anthropomorphic ideas 
were disturbed, and a new era of scientific thought embarked 
upon. Mechanical ideas were applied to the motions of the 
heavenly bodies, and laws applied to them that were already 
known to be in force upon our earth. 
But what a tremendous upset next occurs, The circum- 
navigation of the world by Magellan, and his lieutenant,. 
Sebastian D’Elcano, made previous theories established facts. 
On September 7th, 1522, after a voyage of more three years, they. 
completed their labours. They sailed more than 12,000 miles in 
the Pacific alone, and though reduced by famine and desertion to 
the utmost straits, stood firm to the theory of the sphericity of 
the earth. | 
From this time we consider the heliocentric condition of our 
system beyond dispute. In 1608 Lippenshaw accidentally dis- 
covered the telescope, which has been the foundation of all the 
“scopes” of to-day. Science now grew apace. Men cared not 
what others said or thought; all wished to know, 
