306 JOURNAL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
THE ENCLOSURE OF COMMONS AND OPEN SPACES, 
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DARTMOOR. 
SYLLABUS OF PAPER BY E. NICOLLS. 
(Read 11th March, 1886.) 
PREHISTORIC times, when the whole of England was a common. 
Occupancy, the original title to the exclusive use of land. The 
noble savage. The gradual enclosure and cultivation of land. 
Lords of manors and commoners. Title by custom. Enclosure of 
commons in recent times. How effected. Veto of the lord of 
the manor. Benefit to districts where commons have been 
enclosed. Illustrations: Calstock Common, Callington Common. 
What may be done with the land yet common.  [Tlustration : 
Viverdon. Should any limit be placed on the enclosure of 
commons? Land decreasing. Needs arising from increased 
population. Peasant proprietary. ‘Three acres and a cow” 
apart from politics. The good of the State the main consideration. 
Restitution of land taken from commons. Dartmoor: its extent, 
capabilities. Model colony on border of Dartmoor. Economic 
considerations. Conclusion. 
NOMENCLATURE OF ROCKS. 
SYLLABUS OF PAPER BY F. J. WEBB, .F.G.S. 
(Read 18th March, 1886.) 
1. Intropuction. 2. Minerals—various definitions. 3. Rocks, 
and the principles upon which the several classifications have 
been based: (a) External characters; (b) Chemical composition ; 
(c) Mineralogical constitution ; (d@) Internal structure ; (e) Origin. 
4, The triple division—Igneous, Aqueous, and Metamorphic—the 
most natural, and best suited to general purposes. 5. Considera- 
tion of each of these classes as shown in illustrative, classified, 
and analytical tables. 
