HEDGE-ROWS OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PLYMOUTH. 213 
of country within a radius of twelve miles of Plymouth into six 
districts, founded on the River Drainage, and it is to the hedge-row 
bushes of this area that the remarks in this paper have reference. 
The commonest of the decidedly indigenous ones are: Prunus — 
spinosa (Sloe); Cratagus Oxyacantha (Hawthorn); Fraxinus ex- 
celsior (Ash); Quercus Robur (Oak); Corylus Avellana (Hazel); and 
two Sulices, S. cinerea (Common Sallow) and S. caprea (Goat Sal- 
low). As next in abundance I place Ilex Aquifolium (Holly) ; 
Eunonymus europeus (Spindle Tree); Pyrus acerba (Crab); Cornus 
sanguinea (Wild Cornel); Sambucus nigra (Elder) ; Alnus glutinosa 
(Alder); and Betula alba (Birch); though of these the Alder, from 
affecting damp spots, and the Birch, the wilder and hilly ones, 
have more of a local character than the others; whilst the Cornel, 
so far as its occurrence in the calcareous districts is concerned, 
might rank with the commonest. Probably Prunus insititia (Bul- 
lace) is also best placed in this second list; likewise Prunus Avium 
(Black Cherry), though this last is a somewhat doubtful native. 
In a third list I put Rhamnus Frangula (Alder Buckthorn); Pyrus 
Aucuparia (Mountain Ash); Viburnum Opulus (Water Elder) ; 
Ligustrum vulgare (Privet); and Salix aurita (Kared Sallow). 
In a fourth list are the quite local Acer campestre (Maple); the 
very sparsely found Pyrus torminalis (Wild Service Tree); and 
Populus tremula (Aspen). In a fifth list, as very rare and extremely 
local shrubs, I put Pyrus latifolia (Broad-leaved Service) and 
Viburnum Lantana (Wayfaring Tree). This completes the catalogue 
of our indigenous species. 
Among the Denizens I place Acer Pseudo-platanus (Greater 
Maple or Sycamore) and Fagus sylvatica (Beech). Both are now 
very common, and reproduce their species abundantly from self- 
sown seeds. Historical evidence seems to prove the Sycamore an 
undoubted introduction; for old Gerarde in his quaint and in- 
teresting Herbal, published in the reign of Elizabeth, says, ‘‘ The 
Great Maple is a stranger in England, only it groweth in the 
walkes and places of pleasure of noblemen, where it especially is 
planted for the shadow sake, and under the name of Sycomore 
tree.’ Whatever position the Beech may hold in some parts of 
Southern England, I think there can be little doubt as to its 
belonging to the Denizen class in this neighbourhood. Here I also 
place Prunus domestica (Wild Plum); P. Cerasus (Morella Cherry); 
Mespilus germanica (Wild Medlar); Pyrus communis (Wild Pear) ; 
VOL. VL. P 
