304 JOURNAL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
Leland states “The mouth of the gulph wherein the shippes 
of Plymouth lyith is waulled on eche side, and chained over in 
tyme of necessite.” 
And so in 1493-4 we find 8d. charged for ‘‘ Bryngyng of the 
cheynes from the Cawse yn to the Castell.” But chains did not 
form the only defence. In 1456 2d. were paid for mending the 
“mast at the Caws;” and in 1496-7 eleven pounds of ironwork 
are charged for, for the “‘maste at Caws.” In 1511-12 a new 
house was put up at the Cawsey, and a chaine of iron bought 
therefor, weighing “viij. C. j. quart. viij.Ib., at (j.d. qr.) the lb., 
iiij'* xvij* j*” Mention is likewise made in this year of a new 
Cawse, and “ grete stones” being brought there. John the mason 
and Edward Salerman (sailor-man) had 9d. for working three tides 
at the Cawsey. In 1508-9 it had been ‘“‘pynned and poynted” 
by ‘‘Newcomb the mason and his fellows.” In 1511-12 the 
expenditure on the Cawse and the “lytell new howse” thereon 
was considerable ; and there is one entry that shows the great an- 
tiquity of the modern custom of “standing treat :” “Itm. for ale to 
dyus men that holpe to slinge the grete stonys at the Cawsey, viij* 
‘That was something considerable; for 6d. a day was then about 
the average wage of artificers; the masons’ labourers engaged on 
the “lytell howse” had, however, this higher amount, ‘‘ because it 
was harvest tyme.” And so I find in this year a Spaniard paid 
for carrying stones to the Cawsey, and 6d. a day given to two 
— men of Stok” for similar work. John Paynter had 3s. 6d. for 
a ring of iron; and I am sorry to say that one of John Gryslyng’s 
servants was drowned in “slyngynge of stonys for the Cawsey.” 
In 1521-22 machinery was provided for the chain. A carpenter 
unnamed had 3s. 6d., at 7d. a day, to make the “wyndynge” 
(windlass) ‘‘for the cheyne at the Cawse.” The timber cost 2d. 
For a “rope to wynde up the chayne, weying lxvi. lb.,” 8s. 6d. 
was paid ; and a staple to ‘‘waye up the chayne,” weighing 9 Ib., 
cost at 14d. the pound, thirteen pence. All this, however, was 
insufficient. The chayne broke, and “Shuge” had 16d. for mending 
it, after 4d. had been spent in the same way apparently to little 
purpose. Then more iron was put on the mast of the Cawse, and 
nails and spikes bought for the end of the “sayleyard,” while 
““balche” was provided for the rope of the chain. And next we 
find “It. for a greate yard to lye w* the Chayne at the Cawse xx* 
It. for lvj. ]i, of yrework for the end of the yard vj* iij+” Thus the 
