Table 3).——Hunters'! Reports of Redheads Banded Outside of Utah 
Unless otherwise noted, these birds were banded as - 
ber 10. All were marked as juveniles. The last mete ye Pa 
was 191; only 5 years of complete data were available at the time 
the table was compiled, the x in some cells of the table indicating 
the age interval where the data are incomplete. 
: umber Repo | m 
Number Reported Snot by Age Intervals G years) TotaL 
Where Banded O-l 1-2 2=3 3), b-5 5-6 6-7 Total Adults 
Manitoba 35 2 hy ) 2 x x 43 
Manitoba 2/ 45 1 t 3 1 ® 51 
Oregon 10 5 3 2 9) 0 0 20 
California hy 1 2 1 0 0 x 8 
Montana > 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 
North Dakota 2/ 9 5 h 0 0 x x 58 
South Dakota 29 1 3 2 0 0 1 36 
lens " 2 h O 0O O06 0O OO x 4 
otal No. Shot lfo 15 il? Lt 3 0) 1 yx 7 
Alive at Start 223 47 32 15 =| 1 1 = 323 100 
Mortality rate 79 4,7 
V/ eine ile Mik Septamber (by R. D. Harris of Ducks Unlimited, 
ana ‘ 
2/ banded to October 29 (mostly by S. H. Low and C. J, Henry, Fish 
and Wildlife Service) 
Summary 

Of 06 redheads banded as young in Utah and shot in their 
first year of life, 78 per cent were shot in the first 6 weeks of 
the hunting season, 1 per cent of them being reported in Utah; when 
Utah was excluded, 9 per cent were shot in this same period. This 
early-season kill was less pronounced in Canadian-banded samples, 
but still rather high. 
An abridged life table for 471 juveniles banded mostly in 
Utah and later reported shot yielded the same high proportion of 
reports in the first year of life (87 per cent) as previously reported 
by Williams (194). This high ratio of juveniles to adults was found 
to be very close to age ratios obtained from hunters! bags in Manitoba 
by Hochbaum (194). A parallel but less striking condition was reflected 
in banding statistics for 223 redheads from other parts of the continent. 
Using a crude approximation of the age ratio (1.8 juveniles 
to 1 adult) in the living redhead population at the start of the hunt- 
ing season, the overall annual mortality rate for young birds was 
estimated to be of the order of 70 per cent for their first year 
starting September 1. The mean annual mortality rate for adults is 
believed from small samples to be around 55 per cent. 
81 
