are available. It appears likely that a single period of 5 minutes 
under suitable weather conditions, during the pre-dawn peak and at 
the height of the winnowing season is sufficient to reveal the number 
of winnowing snipe at any given location. A considerably longer period 
would be necessary to record the answering females and so definitely 
establish the presence of a breeding pair. 
7e Under ideal conditions winnowing snipe can be heard for one- 
half mile, indicating that to avoid likelihood of duplication, stops 
should be spaced one mile apart. Stops at one-half mile intervals 
would be suitable provided that the observers were aware of the possi- 
bility of duplication when birds were heard with an angle of 60° from 
the line connecting two adjacent stops. 
51 
