486 
pasture legumes, Zornia diphylla, Alysicarpus sp., and Indi- 
gofera linifolia, all small plants which make a dense growth 
like Japan clover, also seem to me very promising. All are 
considered excellent pasture plants, and with the exception 
of the Alysicarpus, are entirely new to me, and I can find 
no reference to their value in Indian literature. The fact 
of the matter is that nearly everything written en Indian 
forage is almost purely herbarium matter, and hut little 
attention has heen paid to the opinions of stock people, most 
of them, of course, natives. To my surprise, I met Hartless 
of Saharanpur here and have spent the day with him. He has 
the care of superintending the improvement of the grounds 
ahout the Viceroy's cottage here. He is a very pleasant man 
with strong pro-American proclivities.' He talks of coming to 
America when his term is out here in four years. I find him 
a fountain of horticultural .knowledge and I expect to learn 
much from him. Mr. Hole, the Forest Botanist here, is the 
first man I have found interested in the natural forage. He : 
is struggling with the prohlem of bettering the ranges in the 
forest reserves and will get us seeds of any Indian grasses 
in return for any tropical American grasses likely to help 
out here . " 
Prof. Piper also "writes September 28 that "Saharanpur 
is only a,, short distance from the Himalayan foothills and the 
mercury commonly goes' down 1 to about 20° in the winter. It is 
on this account that both tropical and temperate trees can be 
grown here successfully. It is o/uite strange, to see chefries, 
plums, pears, and even, apples growing alongside mangos, 
dates, guavas , etc , : In- a- general way it is comparable to 
Chico so far as temperature is concerned, possibly a little 
hotter in summer, and hardly so cool in winter. Judging from 
this place, why won't mangos do well In California?" 
Prof. Piper, returning from India, writes November 7 
comparing Bangalore and Ootacamund, which he had just visit- 
ed, with southern California, and in answer to our queries as 
to the best means of making mangos fruit, says, "I asked that 
question everywhere with practically no results. Mr. Krum- 
biegel, however, says pruning helps." 
PARAGUAY. papilla Horqueta. Under date of October 2 
Mr. Thomas R. Gwynn writes that he has found that a species 
of Cocos furnishes a better fiber than the "caraguata" , 
besides furnishing oil, starch, posts, etc. 
