22 
July 29 = at pothole No. 22 (last seen, still accompanied by the hen). 
Travel - 0,32 mileg in 20 days. 
These two broods traveled a total of 0.48 miles in 38 days for an average 
of 0.013 miles a day. 
No mallard brood was known to occupy a single pothole for more than 20 
daySe 
Similar information on other individual but unmarked broods is as follows: 
Blue- ed teal A ClassII brood of 13. July 1) - at pothole No. 35. July 
2 - at pothole No. O (Class III). July 25 - A.M. - on pothole No. 0, 
July 25 = P.M. - on pothole No. 2, July 29 = hen and six young on pothole 
No. 42, seven young on pothole No. rid young ready to fly. Travel - 0,2) miles 
in 7 days; an average of 0.03) a day 
The longest time a brood of this species was known to occupy a single 
pothole was 28 days. 
Gadwalle= A Class I brood of ten. July 7 = at pothole No, 33. July 11 - at 
pothole No. 30. Nine young renaining (not seen again). Travel ~ 0,2) miles 
in days, or 0.06 miles a day. 
Only two gadwall broods were observed and neither spent over 17 days in 
one pothole. 
Ruddy ducke- A Class I brood of nine. July 22 - at pothole No. 39. July 30 - 
at pothole No. 36, August 27 - last visit. Still nine young. Travel = 0,09 
miles in 36 days for an average of 0,002 miles a day. 
Of eight broods of this species on the ae area, this was the only one 
known to travel overland, 
Shoveller-- A Class I brood of ten. July 19 = at pothole No. 29. July 29 - 
A.M. = at pothole No, 31. July 29 = P.M. = at pothole No. 29. July 31 = at 
pothole No. 31. August 1 - A.M. = at pothole No. 31. August 1 - P.M. = at 
pothole No. 29. August 2 = A.M. - at pothole No. 31. August 2 - P.M. «= at 
pothole No. 29. August 3 = A.M. = at pothole No. 29. August 17 - at pothole 
No. °30. August 21 - at pothole No. 29. August 22 = at pothole No. 30 (last 
seen). Travel - 0.7 miles in 3 days for an average of 0,021 miles a day. 
The movements of this brood were undoubtedly influenced by the presence 
of the camp near pothole No. 31. The birds apparently preferred this pothole 
and were often there in the early morning, but appeared nervous when any 
activity took place around the camp and usually deserted the pothole for the 
rest of the day. Although this brood was under rather close observation, there 
is no indication of the fate of two young which were lost. The maximum time 
that any shoveller brood spent in one pothole was 16 days. 
These examples demonstrate the pattern of brood movement and its direction. 
It appears to be completely random, as the probable routes taken by broods when 
placed on a map present a mass of lines running in all directions. There was 
no general trend of broods toward any one goal. In three cases, broods were 
known to return to potholes in which they had been previously observed, 
Broods which may have moved longer distances at a more rapid rate than those 
described above were not recognised and therefore were not included in the 
data. Thus the observations recorded may be of shorter than average movemerts,. 
On the other hand, there is a possibility that disturbance caused by the 
observer may have caused undue movements, 
