These northern bandings conform to other northern bandings 
in that there is a strong migration to the Gulf Coast and to the 
Atlantic Coast. The mapped recoveries from bandings on the northern 
peninsula (fig. 21) shew a distribution covering much of the range 
of the species, The direct recoveries show a rapidly expanding cone- 
shaped pattern with many overland routes taking the birds throughout 
much of eastern United States from the edge of the Great Plains to 
the Middle Atlantic States. These records show again the complex 
mature of black duck movements throughout the country. 
A limited series (71) of recoveries from spring-—banded 
birds at Munuscong show an interesting distribution with relatively 
strong affinities with the Atlantic States. 
Local - 3 percent 
Other Michigan - 11 percent 
Ontario -~ 14 percent 
Northwest - 6 percent 
Western ~ 3 percent 
Mississippi - 34 percent 
South Atlantic - 18 percent 
Middle Atlantic - 11 percent* 
*Includes Long Island 
Considerable banding has been done at scattered points in 
the Lower Peninsula with the bulk of the operations centering around 
the Battle Creek-Lansing vicinity in the south-central portion. There 
is a total of 799 recoveries from fall bandings in the Battle Creek- 
Lansing area, 109 for the Detroit area and 31 for Muskegon. 
These Michigan data indicate a similarity to data from coastal 
wintering areas of Massachusetts and at other points in the northern 
states where heavy hunting pressure and wintering populations exist. 
In both areas we have a heavy local recovery, indications of 
a population with strongly sedentary habits, and a limited number of 
recoveries in the south. Here, again, the evidence indicates that when 
we have a heavy hunting pressure and the beginning of a wintering pop- 
ulation or a group of birds that will not move on until very late, band- 
ing does not adequately sample the migrant population. In other words, 
to evaluate properly migration or movements on a broad scale we mst 
have data from far northern stations as well as intermediate and winter- 
ing ground areas. 
For comparison with the Northern Peninsula stations a break- 
down of the recoveries from fall banding in the same manner as before 
for the Battle Creek-Lansing area may be of help. 
