Percent of Recoveries 
Area of Recove Direct (138 Indirect (51 
Local 70 47 
Other Michigan 17 17 
Ontario 1 7T* 
Northwest 2 9 
Western - - 
Mississippi 8 14 
South Atlantic - 2 
Middle Atlantic L 3 
*Includes Quebec 
Here we see that of the direct recoveries from those banded 
prior to the hunting season only 9 percent were taken south of Michigan 
and of the indirects, 19 percent. The wide southward dispersal pattern 
of the Lower Peninsula birds is much the same as that of the northern 
birds except that it is much reduced and there is a greater tendency 
for the birds to remain farther north, or at least not to show the 
urgency for a rapid and deep penetration southward (fig. 22). It will 
be recalled that much the same was said of the distribution for coastal 
bandings in Massachusetts and to a varying degree of certain other 
inland areas. 
In his discussion of the Michigan records Pirnie (1935) 
points out: 
1. Records from the Kellogg Sanctuary show a spread somewhat 
similar to that of the Munuseong bandings except that the 
Kellogg birds do not seem to go as far south. 
2. The Kellogg blacks winter farther north than the northern 
birds. 
3. Some are probably permanent residents being retrapped 
nearly the year-around. 
4. The majority migrate to the Mississippi Valley with 
smaller numbers going to the Atlantic Coast. 
Recoveries from fall bandings at Muskegon and Detroit are 
too limited in number to compare with the other Michigan stations. 
Much the same situation exists, however, in that there is a relatively 
heavy local take (70 to 80 percent) and relatively few southward 
recoveries. 
A limited series of records from spring bandings at Detroit 
(19), Battle Creek (47) and Muskegon (8) shows somewhat the same dis- 
tribution as fall bandings except that there is a higher percentage of 
~38- 
