Compared to the Michigan and Ontario stations, the distrib- 
ution of direct recoveries from Wisconsin are much more closely grouped, 
following principally the Mississippi River system. 
This completes the discussion of the more important black-—duck 
bandings throughout the United States and Canada. Black ducks have been 
banded from time to time in a number of other states and provinces but 
the number of recoveries available are too few from any one state to 
warrant discussion at this time. 
General Summary - Mississippi Flyway 
And now a brief summary of what the data seem to show regard- 
ing movements of the black duck from various points in the Mississippi 
Flyway. 
1. Although the pattern of movement throughout the interior 
is extremely complex the bulk of the recoveries from blacks banded in 
the Flyway are taken within the Flyway. 
2. The crossing-over of Atlantic-Flyway and Mississippi-—Flyway 
populations, though occurring to some extent all along their common 
boundary, seems to be of greater significance in the southeastern region 
ineluding the states from South Carolina to Florida. Recoveries from 
blacks banded in these states and birds taken in this region from band- 
ings elsewhere indicate nearly as strong a tie with the Mississippi 
Flyway as with the Atlantic Flyway. 
3. The complex nature of the interior movements is indicated 
by the wide cone-shaped spread of recoveries from individual stations 
particularly those located in the northern states and in Ontario. From 
northern stations the black ducks appear to move over a broad front with 
individual birds or groups of birds following certain valleys, river 
courses, or other features and other blacks possibly striking overland 
to cross drainages and mountains. In this situation some groups of 
birds probably eross at nearly right angles the paths of others during 
the southward movement. 
4. The Mississippi Flyway is concemed with blacks originating 
within its boundaries, as well as some populations originating in or 
passing through western Pennsylvania, western New York, southwestern 
Quebec, and all of Ontario. 
Time of Migration 
We have discussed at some length the routes taken by black 
ducks during their fall migration and without a knowledge of the numbers 
of birds involved, have attempted to arrive at a rough approximation of 
the relative importance to particular regions of certain major groups. 
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