ae] 
en 
before the Illinois birds arrive. Very likely many of these blacks 
reach the Southern States by a somewhat casual manner of migration. 
This is another illustration in which the far northern birds pass by 
others of a more sedentary nature and arrive far to the south long 
before the more intermediate populations begin to move. This same 
condition holds to an even greater degree for black ducks banded in 
the Lower Peninsula of Michigan where the bandings show a strongly 
sedentary population, which moves reluctantly south but a relatively 
short distance, and does not indicate the same degree of migration as 
ducks from the north passing through. The analogy seems to be applic- 
able across most of the northern states as far as the east coast of 
New England and perhaps to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. 
So we find that the time or period of migration is consider- 
ably involved ami varies markedly from one section of the country to 
the other. Generally speaking, direct recoveries show that many of 
the far-northern birds exhibit a strong migratory habit, resorting to 
relatively long flights and penetrate deep into the South; other groups, 
particularly those that accumulate in late summer and early fall in the 
vicinity of potential wintering habitat in the northern states, form 
rather sedentary habits and are reluctant to move until freeze-up, if 
at all. There is probably a considerable amount of casual migration 
and "leap-frogging" with one population passing over another. AS a 
general rule, migrations into the southern Atlantic Coastal states 
from the interior areas of Ontario take place 10 days to 3 weeks 
earlier than those from eastern Maritime Canada. 
-15~ 
