were in operation at one time. Table 1 shows in detail this rather 
haphazard distribution of effort. In the left column is listed the 
states and provinces in which banding was done, and in the second 
column, the number of fall shooting records available from each of 
these states. The period in which banding was done is represented in 
the year columns by an X or a bar. The bar indicates the period in 
which most of the banding was carried out, and the X indicates an 
incidental amount. Since this chart gives most of the pertinent 
details the following discussion deals only with some of the more 
important contributions. 
Mention will be made only of important publications in 
which actual studies of banding records serve as a basis. Most migra- 
tion reports concern the analysis of local banding data but those by 
Bent (1923), Lineoln (1939, 1950), Cooke (1906), Aldrich (1949), and 
others, primarily in the United States Federal Service, deal with 
continent-wide movements and banding data from many sources are utilized. 
One of the most important black duck banding operations was 
also the first. This station, located at Lake Scugog in southeastern 
Ontario, was operated primarily by H. S. Osler. Banding was started 
in 1918 but did not get into full swing until the period 1922-26. The 
results of the Scugog bandings were summarized in part by Lloyd (1930). 
Black ducks have been banded also at Toronto and at Moosonee, Ontario. 
The latter station has been operated by the Ontario Department of Lands 
and Forests for only a year, and because of its strategic location, it 
is hoped that it will continue in operation at least for several more. 
Shortly after the Scugog endeavor became well established, 
a program was inaugurated (1921) by Pulitzer in Hancock, Maine, which 
ran for 3 years. Then, for a period of some 20 years only a few 
blacks were banded at several points in Maine both inland and on the 
coast. It was not until 1945 that the Maine Cooperative Wildlife 
Research Unit under Mendall started on an expanding program in the Pen- 
obscot Valley. It is these latter bandings that have produced most of 
the data available from Maine. 
In the late twenties and early thirties extensive programs 
were initiated particularly in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, 
and Michigan. 
The New York endeavor, starting in earnest in 1927, centered 
in Rochester on Lake Ontario, and in the Southampton-Quogue areas of 
Long Island. The Rochester station operated by W. B. Large and J. H. 
White continued until 1944 with only limited bandings during the middle 
thirties. The stations at the eastern end of Long Island, except for 
the war years, continued until the present time. These latter important 
bandings are largely the result of voluntary efforts of persons operat- 
ing the Southampton Township Wildfowl Sanctuary, particularly Ross 
Frederico and C. J. Mercer. 
~52- 
