Dithiocarbamates 
Ethylene bisdithiocarbamates (See also TTD) 
(Nabam = Disodium salt) 
(Maneb = Manganese salt) 
(Zineb = Zinc salt) 
The effectiveness of ethylene bisdithiocarbamates is dependent on 
the formation of ethylene thiuram monosulfide and its ultimate conver- 
sion to isothiocyanate which may react with sulfhydryls. The pH 
conditions, type and amount of inorganic salt present, and the order of 
mixing, all affected these conversions. Some free ethylene bisdithio- 
carbamic acid was always present in solutions of its salts because of 
hydrolysis. Salts of the acid degraded to ethylene thiuram monsul fide 
and polymeric ethylene thiuram monosulfides (Parker-Rhodes, 1943; Barratt 
and Horsfall, 1947; Cox et al., 1951; Kloppeng and Van der Kerk, 1951; 
Van der Kerk and Kloppeng, 1952; Sijpesteijn et al., 1954, 1957; Morehart 
and Crossan, 1962; Sisler, 1963). 
Except for Cutt salts, dithiocarbamates inhibited polyphenol ecidaee 
by complexing the enzyme or increasing metal dissociation. Inductance 
effects of the amine "N" substituents and the tautomerism of the "S" atom 
to sulfhydryl played an important role in this aspect. Phosphorylation 
of glucose and mannose was interrupted through inhibition of 6-phospho- 
gluconate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Owens, 1954a, 1954b; 
Ludwig et al., 1954, 1955; Sijpesteijn and Van der Kerk, 1956; Johnson 
et al., 1960; DuBois et al., 1961; Sisler, 1963). 
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