

SS 9 tee er 
DOr 
eee 
it 
14 BRITISH MOTHS 
The caterpillar, which feeds on the privet, lilac, elder, ash, &c., is green, with the caudal horn black above 
and yellow beneath, and seven oblique stripes on the sides of purple and white; on each side of the head is a 
strong black mark, and the spiracles are orange. 
The young caterpillars, when first hatched, have the tails remarkably long, and the bodies very rugose, but 
they become smooth at the final moulting. By the end of August or the middle of September they are full- 
grown, and become of a dirty-red colour, when they descend into the earth, where they change into a dark brown 
chrysalis, with the extremity slightly bifid, and the tongue-case straight. The moth appears in the following 
June and July. Sometimes, however, the insect will remain two and even three years in the chrysalis state, and 
then become winged as perfectly as if it had appeared at the ordinary period. 
This fine species is widely distributed throughout England, and is by no means of uncommon occurrence, the 
caterpillars being easily detected when feeding upon fruit hedges, by the large pellets of excrement observed on 
the ground. It is much rarer in Scotland. 
This insect has afforded Mr. G.. Newport the materials for one of the most celebrated anatomical Memoirs 
which has ever been published upon the internal structure of the annulose animals. 

SPECIES 3.—_SPHINX PINASTRI. THE PINE HAWK-MOTH. 
Plate iii. fig. 7—9. 
-) ° ~ = e r 7 e ar 5 Y 9) a a a] 7 
Synonymes.—Sphinv Pinastri, Linnezus; Donovan 9, pl. 296; | tab. 13, f. 67; Panzer, F. I. G. 82, 22. Drury, Ins. 1, pl. 27, 
Haworth; Stephens; Curtis ; Wood, Ind. Entom., tab. 4. fig. 13; | fig. 2. 
Duncan, Brit. Moths, plate 7, fig. 1; Sepp. Vol. 1, tab. 5; Hiibner, | Hyloecus Pinastri, Hiibner (Verz, bek. Schm.). 
This very rare species varies from three to three and a half inches in the expansion of its fore wings, which 
are of an ashy colour, slightly undulated with darker shades, and marked in‘the middle of the disc with three 
unequal-sized black lines, another oblique dusky line extending from the apex ; the hinder wings are pale ashy at 
the base, becoming of a browner hue along the outer margin, the fringe being grey, alternately clouded with 
dusky ; the thorax is grey, with a broad dark lateral band on each side, followed by a white line; the abdomen 
is banded with black and white, interrupted in the middle by a broad ashy longitudinal stripe, along the middle 
of which runs a dark line. 
The caterpillar is entirely yellow in its first skin; in the second, ereen with yellow stripes ; in the third, 
deeper green, with three longitudinal lemon-yellow lines on each side ; and finally of a rich green, with a ferruginous 
dorsal line, and a lateral yellow one—the head ochraceous in front, with brown lines; the first seoment of the 
body yellow, spotted with black ; and the caudal horn, which at first was straight, becomes curved and black. 
The chrysalis is dark brown, changing to maroon; the tongue-sheath is short. The insect passes this state in 
the ground, or under moss, through the winter. 
This species is attached (as its name implies) to the pine and pineaster, and is consequently found in the great 
forests in Germany, and other parts of Continental Kurope, in considerable numbers, whereas in this country, where 
the growth of that tree is comparatively rare, the insect is of the greatest rarity—the only English localities being 
Colney Hatch wood and the neighbourhood of Esher. Other specimens, however, are stated by Mr. Stephens 
to have been taken in Rivelstone wood, near Edinburgh, by Mr. Wilson and Dr. Leach : but this is denied by Mr. 
Duncan, whose opportunities for obtaining correct information lead us to adopt his statement. 

