AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. A7 
SPECIES 6.—HEPIALUS SYLVINUS. Puare VIII., Fie. 12, 13. 
Synonymes.— Phalena (Noctua) sylvina, Linneus; Harris, Ex- Hepialus Lupulinus, Hiibner, Haworth. 
position, pl. 4, fig. f.; Harris, Aurelian, pl. 22, fig. h—m. Triodia Lupulina, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. 
Hepialus sylvinus, Ochsenheimer ; Stephens; Curtis, Brit. Ent., Noctua flina, Esper. Var. 
pl. 185 ; Wood, Ind. Ent., tab. 5, fig. 6. Hepialus Hamma, Schrank, Hiibner. ( Variety.) 
This pretty species varies from one to nearly two inches in the expansion of the fore wings, which, from 
the rich fulvous or orange colour in the males, have caused the species to be named the Orange Swift ; 
whereas they have’a cinnamon-coloured ground in the females. There is an irregular and broad pale spot, 
margined with whitish, running from the base to the middle of the hinder margin of the fore wings in both 
sexes, uniting with an oblique irregular whitish bar, which'runs nearly to the tip of the wing, having its interior 
dusky, and near the apex being forked. The disc has also a dark patch margined with white, and various 
darker clouds ; and the fore margin is spotted with brown, margined with whitish ; the base of the fringe is 
marked with an indented brown line. The hind wings are dark and unspotted. All the markings, as well 
as the ground colour of the wings, are liable to considerable variations. The species is moreover distinguished 
at once from all its congeners, by having its antenne furnished with a single row of short furcations in the 
males, and serrated in the females. 
This insect is of common occurrence in various parts of England, being found near London, Hertford, Birch 
Wood, Kent, near York, the Isle of Wight, &c. It appears at the end of the summer, and frequents grassy 
lanes and weedy banks. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. 
Insects.—Fig. 1. Cossus Ligniperda. 2. The Caterpillar. 3. The Chrysalis. 
rs Fig. 4. Zeuzera Aisculi. 5. The Female. 6. The Caterpillar. 
- Fig. 7. Zeuzera Arundinis. 8. The head of the Female. 
Prants.—Fig. 9. Salix arenaria (the downy Mountain Willow). 
The Clossus and the female Z. Alsculi are from fine specimens at the British Museum. The male Z. 7ésculi is from a specimen taken in 
Torrington Square, now in the possession of Mr. White. Z. Arundinis is from Hiibner’s accurate figure ; the female differs so slightly, that I 
have thought it sufficient to give the head (No. 8) to show the difference of the antenns. 
t of Z. Asculi from Hiibner. H.-N. H. 
The larva of C. Ligniperda is drawn from nature ; tha 
COSSUS, Fasrictus. 


This genus is at once distinguished from the former by its large unwieldy size, and longer antenna ; and from the 
. mished wi inole serie inatic xxtending to the tip in the males 
following, by having these organs fur nished with a single series of pectinations, ex g I les, 
aye | » bas 7 ig squamose, and not v 7, 
and serrated in the females, without a coating of down at the base. The body q ie ot woolly 
The wings at rest are deflexed at the sides (like a roof). The palpi are distinct, and extend upwards, to the height 
=) ’ 
of half the eyes; the hind wings are considerably smaller than the fore ones, and the veins are more regularly 
in €l ing’ ing . larva is a fleshy grub of large size and immense 
arranged than in either the preceding or following genus. The larva is a yg 9 
segment having @ scaly dorsal plate; from the singular 
muscular power, with the back rather depressed, each 
scent which it emits in this state, it has received the name of the Goat-moth. 
We however possess, in this country, only the following. 
There are four European species of this genus. 

= 

