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64 BRITISH MOTHS 
CLOSTERA*, Horrmansece. PYGACRA (ears typica), OcHseNHEIMER. 
This genus agrees with Hammatophora in the general form of the wings (destitute of teeth on the hind 
margin) ; but they are shorter, and the outer margin is not denticulated: they are also marked with pale transverse 
streaks, and a large chocolate-coloured apical patch ; the antenne are also short and bipectinated in both sexes ; the 
thorax is only crested behind. The fore feet are not stretched forwards in repose ; the abdomen of the males is 
long, terminated by a bifid tuft. The caterpillars are thick, and slightly hairy, with the fourth and terminal 
segment generally tubercled. They reside in a web, wherewith they draw together several leaves ; in which, 
also, the pupa state is passed. 

SPECIES 1.—CLOSTERA RECLUSA. Puare XIII., Fie. 6, 7. 
Synonymes.— Bombyx reclusa, Fabricius; Esper, vol. iii. pl. 5, | fig. 10. 
fig. 6 and 7. Phalena anastomosis, Donovan, 4, pl. 124, and pl. 129, f. 
Clostera reclusa, Stephens; Curtis; Wood, Ind. Ent. tab. 5, Ichthyura reclusa, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. 
This species varies from 1 to 1+ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of an ashen colour, with four 
pale, transverse, slender bars, which unite together; a brownish spot on the costa close to the fourth stripe ; 
beyond which is a large chocolate-coloured patch, which does not extend to the tip. ‘The hind wings are dirty 
brown. The thorax black in front, with the sides ashy. 
The caterpillar is brown, with a broad, pale, dorsal stripe, and a row of yellowish rings at the sides of the 
body. This is a rare species, but occurs in several of the woods in the London district. It has also been found 
near Cambridge, Dublin, and in the Isle of Arran. 
The caterpillar feeds on the aspen, willow, and poplar, beneath the bark of which it is sometimes found, in 
the autumn ; the moth appearing in May and July, or August. 
Crostera Anastomosis, Linn. (Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 53, fig. 30, and our fig. 5 and 5), was recorded by 
Stewart as a native species; but no British specimen is known in any cabinet. It measures 1} inch in 
expanse, and has the wings grey and varied with brown and dark red, with three whitish subanastomosing bars, 
and a reddish thorax. The caterpillar bears considerable resemblance to that of Cl. Anachoreta. 

SPECIES 2.—CLOSTERA SUFFUSA. Puate XIII., Fie. 8. 
SynonyMes.—Clostera reclusa, var. 8, Stephens, [lustr. Haust. Cl. suffusa, Steph. Tlustr. H. 4, p. 385 ; Wood, Ind, Ent. pl. 92, 
pl. 16, fig. 1. f. 1656. 
This species, which Mr. Stephens at first considered to be a variety of Cl. reclusa, is rather larger than that 
insect, having the hind wings “‘ pale-glaucous ash, with two aygulated, fuscous, transverse strige ; the fore wings 
with the third striga united obliquely with the fourth on the interior margin.” It was described from a specimen 
in the collection of the late N. A. Vigors, Esq. and is now in the possession of the Zoological Society of London. 
No locality is given of this specimen, unless it be the individual recorded to have been captured at Dublin by the 
Rev. J. Bulwer. 


* Derived from the Greek kAworhp, fusus, evidently from the fusiform abdomen. Hubner’s synonymous name Ichthyura (fish-tailed) has 
a similar allusion, as well as Ochsenheimer’s Pygera, as stated above. 
