AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 77 
The two following species are distinguished from the other small Cerure by their larger size, and by having 
the bifurcation of the postcostal vein of the hind wings of considerable length. 
SPECIES 6.—CERURA BIFIDA. Puate XV., Fie. 8, 9. 
| Synonymrs.—Bombyx bifida, Hiibner ; Stephens, [llustr. pl. 15, fig. 2; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 5, fig. 20. 
Bombyx furcula, Wien. Verz.; Esper. 
This species is about 13 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which have a broad ashy bar speckled with 
orange and margined with black, the outer margin being more indistinct and irregular ; the middle of the wing 
is marked with various dots, streaks, and wavy lines, the hind one proceeding from the extremity of the ashy 
subapical costal patch. The thorax is grey, striped with black and orange. The hind wings have a broad 
brownish submarginal fascia. 
The caterpillar 1s green, marked on the back of the neck with a red-brown or violet-coloured patch, edged 
with white, and there isa similar coloured larger patch on the back, behind the conical protuberance. It feeds on 
various kinds of poplar, from June to the end of September. 
The species is rare, but occasionally occurs near London. 

SPECIES 7.—CERURA FUSCINULA? Puarte XV., Fie. 10. 
Synonymes.— Bombyx fuscinula, Hiibner ; Stephens Ill. pl. 15, fig. Cerura forficula, Fischer (teste Boisduval). 
], Wood. Ind. Ent. pl. 5, fig. 19. Cerura bifida, var. Ochsenheimer. 
The English specimens attributed to this species differ from the last in being generally rather less than 1+ 
inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which havea narrow, ashy bar, speckled with orange, margined with 
black at the base, and likewise on the outer edge (which is considerably sinuated) towards the costa ; the disc 
and extremity are but slightly varied with dusky spots and dentated streaks, and the costal subapical spot 1s 
small and indistinct. The hind wings have not a broad, brownish subapical fascia. The thorax is grey in front 
and varied with black and orange behind. 
Mr. Stephens describes the caterpillar as of a fine emerald green, with the head brown, the back blue, and 
the retractile filaments red. It feeds on the birch and oak. 
The species is rare, being occasionally found near London in July. 
SPECIES 8.—CERURA VINULA. Puarte XV., Fre. 12, 13. 
Synonymes.— Phalena (Bombyx) vinula, Linueus; Fabricius; | Wood, Ind. Ent., pl. 5, fig. 21; Duncan, Brit. Moths, pl. 15, 
Wilkes, pl. 29, fig. 1 ; Harris, Aurelian, pl. 38, fig. a—e; Albin, pl. | fig. 1, 2. 
xi.; Donovan, vol. 3, pl. 85; Leach ; Curtis; Stephens (Cerura v.) Bombyx minax, Hiibner (variety). 
This beautiful, and at the same time very common species, varies from 24 to nearly 33 inches in the expanse 
of its wings, which are of a milky white colour, but more ashy in the female; with a transverse row of black 
spots near the base, succeeded by a rather more cinereous-coloured bar, edged on both sides with black spots. 
Then follow in the discoidal cell three curved blackish stripes, which run in arches to the hind margin of the 
wing. Beyond the discoidal cell are two rows of blackish, very strongly dentate, waves ; the spaces between 
the veins along the outer margin of the wing being marked with longitudinal, dark, wedge-like streaks. The 

