AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 93 
the female white ; the fore wings in both sexes with a few (generally six, seven, or eight) black spots, which are, 
however, occasionally obsolete. The hind wings also vary in the number of black spots. 
The caterpillar feeds upon aquatic plants in the autumn. It is of an ashy colour and hairy, and the moth 
appears in marshy places in May following ; but it is a rare species, although widely distributed throughout 
the country. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIX. 
Insects. —Fig. 1. Phragmatobia fuliginosa (the ruby Tiger-moth), 2. The Caterpillar. 
“§ Fig. 3. Penthophera nigricans, 4. The Caterpillar, 
os Fig. 5. Arctia caja (the garden Tiger-moth) afemale. 6. The Caterpillar. 7. A pale variety, a male. 6. A dark and singular 
variety, a female. 
ae Fig. 9. Arctia villica (the cream-spot Tiger-moth). 10. The Caterpillar. 
‘a Fig. 11. Euthemonia russula (the clouded buff) male. 12. The female. 13. The Caterpillar. 
. Fig. 14, Nemeophila Plantaginis (the small Tiger-moth). 15. The Caterpillar. 
F Fig. 16. Heraclia Dominula (the scarlet Tiger-moth). 17, The Caterpillar. 
ch Fig. 20. Callimorpha Jacob (the pink underwing moth), 21. The Caterpillar, 
“ Vig. 22. Miltochrysta miniata (the red arches). 
Prants.—Fig. 23. Primula veris (the Cowslip). 
as 24. Plantago major (common Plantain). 
% 25. Scabiosa arvensis (the meadow Scabious). 
af 26. Senecio vulgaris (common Groundsel). 
es 27. Cynoglossum officinale (common Houndstongue). The white flower without a number is Cerastium arvense (field 
chickweed). 
Figs. 1, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 20, are from specimens furnished by Mr, H. Doubleday. Fig. 8 is a very singular variety of A. caja, in the 
British Museum; and 7, another singular variety of this species, is from a ,drawing furnished to Mr. Westwood by Mr. T. Reeves, Jun., of 
a variety found near Carlisle. The female of N. Plantaginis differs from the male but slightly, principally in having the innermost dark 
stripes of the hind wings continued to the interior margin of the wings, giving the insect a somewhat blacker appearance ; but I have not 
thought it worth while to figure the female for so slight a difference. Fig. 3, P. nigricans, is from Mr. Curtis’s fig., and the caterpillars are 
from Hiibner, with the exception of those of A. caja, A. villica, and C. Jacobee, which are from nature. ) Des es 
PHRAGMATOBIA *, Sreenens. (ARCTIA, Husyer, BoispuVAL. ) 
This genus has the abdomen also spotted, but the spots are arranged in only three rows; the spiral tongue 
is short, but the palpi are scarcely distinct and pilose. The wings are subdiaphanous ; the antenne short, and 
nearly simple in both sexes, which likewise do not materially differ from each other in colour. The caterpillar 
is very hairy. 

SPECIES 1.—PHRAGMATOBIA FULIGINOSA. Prats XIX, Fie. I, 2. 
Synonymes.—Phalena (Noctua) fuliginosa, Linneus ; Wilkes, 23, pl. 49 ; Harris, Aurelian, pl. 27, fig. i—m; Donovan, vol. 3, pl. 80 ; 
Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 7, fig. 72 ; Duncan Brit. Moths, pl. 20, fig. 3. 
This pretty species varies from rather less than an inch to an inch and a half in the expanse of the fore wings, 
which are red brown, with a black spot or two at the apex of the discoidal cell; the hind wings purplish red, 
with a broad dusky margin, and several blackish spots on the disc ; the fringe red, as well as the abdomen, 
which has three rows of black dots. The spots of the wings are, however, occasionally obsolete, and the hind 
wings with only the inner margin red, the remainder being dusky. Harris (Exposition of Engl. Ins., tab. 8, 
fig. 7) and Stephens mention a variety which they thmk may possibly be distinct, varying in the form of the 
which are either dusky red with the head black, or slate-colour with the head 

wings as well as in the larvee 
copper-coloured. They feed upon various weeds in June, and the moth appears in the following month, 

. ™ . . my ‘wm 81Y mbante i rage 
* Derived from the Greek, and alluding to the larve, which live upon plants in hedges, 


