AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 95 
red, with blue-black spots ; the thorax brown with a red neck-band, and the abdomen red with blue-black bars. 
The markings vary greatly, some specimens having the brown and blue-black portions more or less obliterated, 
whilst in others they are much more, and even occasionally entirely, predominant. The caterpillar is dark 
brown, with the hairs on the back dusky, and those on the neck and sides reddish, the head black. It feeds on 
various herbs, especially lettuce, strawberries, &c., in June, and the moth appears in July. 

SPECIES 2.—ARCTIA VILLICA. Puare XIX., Fre. 9, 10. 
Synonymes.— Ph. B. villica, Linneus; Albin, pl. 21, fig. 29, | Duncan, Brit. Moths, pl. 20, fig. 2; Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 7, fig. 70 ; 
a—d ; Wilkes, pl. 37; Harris, Aurelian, pl. 4; Donovan, 2, pl. 71; | West. Ent. Text-book, p. 390. 
Epicallia villica, Hiibner Verz. bek. Schmett. 
This handsome species varies from 2 to 23 inches in the expanse of its fore wings, which are of a black colour, 
with eight cream-white spots. The hind wings orange, with black spots and marks ; the head and thorax black, 
with a whitish patch on each shoulder. The abdomen is orange above, with the tip red, and marked with three 
rows of black dots; beneath black, with the base of the legs, sides, and tip of the abdomen, and costal edge of 
all the wings bright scarlet. The spottings vary considerably. The caterpillar is blackish, and very hairy, with 
the head and feet red, and spotted with fulvous. It feeds on the ragwort, chickweed, and other herbs in the 
spring; and the moth appears in June, especially frequenting woody places. It is far less common than the 
garden tiger-m oth. 


EUTHEMONIA *, Srepnens. (DIACRISIA, Hupner.) 
This group is distinguished from the preceding and following by having the fore wings unicolorous, having 
only a darker discoidal patch at the extremity of the discoidal cell ; the palpi are small and hairy, with the basal 
joint smaller than the second, whereas in Caja the reverse is the case; the antenna of the males are slightly 
bipectinated. The general structure of the body indicates a much greater weakness, especially in the males, 
which fly by day, whilst the female is smaller than the opposite sex. 
SPECIES 1.—EUTHEMONIA RUSSULA. Puare XIX., Fie. 11, 12, 18. 
Synonymes.—Ph. B. Russula, Linn.; Donovan, 6, pl. 214; Diacrisia Russula, Hiibner Verz. bek. Schm. 
Curtis, Brit. Ent., pl. 21; Wood, Ind. Ent. tab. 7, f. 68 and 68 ; Ph. B. Sannio, Linn.; Faun. Suec. ¢. Haworth. 
Duncan, Brit. Moths, pl. 20, fig. 1. 
This pretty species varies from 14 to 12 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which in the males are of an 
orange-clay colour, with a dark central lunule ; the fore margin, towards the tip, and the outer and hind margins 
red, the latter with a darker streak ; the hind wings pale whitish-buff, with a discoidal lunule and submarginal 
fascia of black, the margin itself red. The female is much darker coloured, the abdomen being black with fulvous 
incisions, the fore wings dark fulvous with a red lunule and veins, the hind wings dark orange, with the base, a 
central lunule, and a broad submarginal fascia, black. 
The caterpillar is spotted with red, and has a yellow dorsal line ; the sides have also a row of whitish dots ; it 
is thickly clothed with reddish hairs. It feeds on plantain, scabious, and various other herbaceous plants in May ; 
and the moth appears at the end of June. It frequents open places in woods and heaths, and although nowhere 
common, appears to be distributed over great part of the kingdom. 

* Derived from the Greek, in allusion to the elegance of the species. 


