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138 BRITISH MOTHS 
the fore wings, which are of a plain grey colour tinged with reddish brown, and slightly varied with minute dark 
atoms and small blackish spots, whereof three form a small triangle near the base of the wings; several others 
form a very indistinct transverse line preceding the anterior stigma, which is small and dusky-coloured, as is also 
the outer stigma, which is distinct and of the ordinary size ; beyond this is a minute curved row of dots, those 
towards the costa being the largest, followed by an indistinct pale subapical stripe, the margin itself spotted with 
black. The hind wings are pale brown, with almost white cilia, having a rosy tint: Varieties occur in which 
the ordinary strige are rather more distinct, and the stigmata united. The female is duller coloured. The 
caterpillar varies from greenish brown to red, with yellow lines on each side, and the back irrorated with white, 
and the head green; it feeds on various trees, and the moth appears in March, frequenting the flowers of the 
sallow, and resting upon oaks. It is a very common species. 

SPECIES 10.—O. (TAANIOCAMPA) PUSILLA. Purate XXVII. Fie. 10. 
Synonymes.— WVoctua pusilla, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 10, fig. 180. 
This species measures an inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a dull-grey colour, with the 
stigmata contiguous but obsolete and of a brown colour, with a broad, brown, interrupted line running from 
the anterior stigma to the base of the wing ; the apical margin marked with a row of brown punctures; the 
abdomen is proportionately stouter than in the last, with a great beard having ablack dot. Considered by Mr. 
Stephens as a variety of O. cruda; but Mr. Haworth states that the wings are more rounded or retuse in form. 
Taken in Richmond Park, but rare. 
SECTION B.—ORTHOSIA PROPER. 
SPECIES WHICH ARE AUTUMNAL IN THE TIME OF THEIR APPEARANCE IN THE PERFECT STATE. 
SPECIES 11.—ORTHOSIA LITURA. Puare XXVIII, Fie. 4. 

Synonymrs.—Phalena Noctua litura, Lion.; Hiibner; Fabr. ; Noctua Polluta, Esper. 
Treitschke ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 10, fig, 181. Guénée Noctua depuncta, Borkhausen (variety ). 
(Anchocelis 1.) | Noctua Ornatria, Freyer (variety). 
This species measures from 1} to 13 inch im the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a greyish brown 
with five black short lines or dots upon the costa, one being transverse at the base of the wing, another 
also forming a dot before the middle of the wing, this being united behind to a simple or geminated striga 
formed of reddish somewhat undulated lines; the third and fourth costal marks are opposed to the stigmata, 
which are brown and circled with a whitish line; the space between them and the costa being liver- 
coloured, which also extends backwards to the hind margin ; beyond this isa broad darker brown fascia, followed 
by a narrow subapical one, marked on the costa by the fifth black mark, the apex of the wing itself being 
also darker brown. The hind wings and cilia are dark brown. The colours are occasionally much brighter 
than ordinary, and the stigma connected. 
The caterpillar is yellowish green, with a dark dorsal line and a pale stripe on each side, and the head pale 
brown; it feeds on the willow, birch, and other trees, as well as upon trefoil, &c., at the beginning of the 
summer; and the moth (which is rather rare, but widely distributed over the country) appears in September. 

SPECIES 12.—ORTHOSIA PISTACINA. Prats XXVIIL, Fie. 5, 6, 7, 8. 
Synwonymrs.—Woctua Pistacina, Fabr.; Hiibner; Haworth; Noctua lineola, Haworth; Donovan, 10, pl. 360, fig. 2 (variety). 
Stephens; Treitschke; Wood, Ind, Ent. pl. 10, fig. 182. Guénée Noctua Schenobena, Esper (variety). 
( Anchocelis P.) Noctua spherulatina, Haworth (variety). 
Noctua serina, Esper. Noctua rubetra, Esper (variety). 
Noctua Lychnidis, Fabr. Duponchel (variety). Noctua ferrea, Haworth (variety). 
Noctua canaria, Esper (variety). Noctua venosa, Haworth (variety). 
This most variable insect measures from 1 to 14 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which vary from 

